记忆负荷对不同运动水平人群时间知觉的影响  

Effects of memory load on different exercise capacity groups time perception

作　　者：黄文英[1,2] 李涛[1] 何敬华[1] 张晓蓉[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学体育学院,中国南昌330022 [2]江西师范大学国家体育总局水上项目训练监控及干预重点实验室,中国南昌330022

出　　处：《教育生物学杂志》2016年第1期22-25,共4页Journal of Bio-education

基　　金：江西省普通本科高校中青年教师发展计划访问学者专项资金项目〔赣师培字(2014)10号〕

摘　　要：目的探讨不同运动水平人群在有、无记忆负荷下时间知觉的差异性,为运动促进脑健康提供新的证据。方法 2015年9月在江西师范大学,以21名高水平运动员、15名体育专业大学生和18名普通大学生作为实验对象,采用记忆负荷和时间产生的双任务范式(记忆任务×时间任务),借助E-prime 2.0版本的心理实验软件编写程序并收集数据,采用时间产生法对被试的2.5 s的时间知觉进行测试。结果 (1)在无记忆负荷时间任务中,高水平运动员和体育专业大学生产生的时距比较接近标准时距,普通大学生产生的时距显著高于标准时距。(2)在有记忆负荷干扰下体育专业大学生和普通大学生产生的时距显著短于无记忆负荷下产生的时距,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而高水平运动员受记忆负荷的影响不大。(3)高水平运动员时距的平均误差显著小于体育专业大学生和普通大学生组。结论高水平运动员时间知觉准确性及稳定性最好,且抗记忆负荷干扰能力强于体育专业大学生和普通大学生,表明运动能促进人脑时间感的优势发展,表现为时间知觉的准确性、稳定性以及抗干扰能力的提高。Objective To explore differences of time perception in different exercise capacity groups with/without memory load and provide new evidence for physical activity promoting brain health.Methods In September 2015,21 high level athletes,15 physical education college students,and 18 normal college students were enrolled in the study as the subjects in Jiangxi Normal University.The model of the memory load and time of dual task paradigm（memory task × time task） was used.E-prime 2.0 software version of the psychological experiment was used to design the process,which would test a 2.5 s perception by the time producing method.Results（1） In the time task without memory load,the time estimates by high level athletes and sports professional college students were closed to standard pitch,and that of ordinary college students was significantly higher than standard pitch.（2） In the time task with memory load,both physical education college and normal college students＇ estimated time was significantly shorter than that without memory load（P〈0.05）.But high level athletes were not affected by memory load.（3） The average error of estimated time of high level athletes was significantly less than those of the students of physical education college and normal college.Conclusion The ability of time perception accuracy,stability,and anti-interference of high level athletes is the best among the three groups,which shows the advantage of the sense of time promoted by physical activity.This includes the time perception accuracy,stability,and anti-jamming capability.

关 键 词：时间知觉 记忆负荷 运动 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]