云南省少数民族学生身体素质敏感期研究  

Sensitive period physical fitness among minority students in Yunnan Province

作　　者：邓淑珍[1] 常利涛[1] 黄达峰[1] 吕慧[1] 安维维[1] 韦蝶心[1] 李华海[2] 代丽梅[1] 谭敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省疾病预防控制中心,昆明650022 [2]云南省教育厅

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2016年第5期651-653,657,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的了解云南省少数民族学生身体素质的现状、敏感期特点,为提高学生的体能素质提供依据。方法采用动态分析（年增长率＋0.5s）的方法,分别对每个年龄段的身体素质如50 m、立定跳远、仰卧起坐、斜身引体、引体向上、握力、50 m×8往返跑、1 000 m/800 m和坐位体前屈等指标进行研究,探讨云南省白族、傣族、哈尼族、傈僳族、纳西族和佤族6个少数民族7-18岁年龄段学生身体素质敏感期变化趋势。结果身体素质在自然增长过程中初中年龄段（13-15岁）增长量大,学生身体素质除13-18岁女生的耐力素质（傣族、佤族、纳西族和傈僳族）均随着年龄的增长而呈负增长外,其他均随年龄增长而不断提高,且大部分呈现波浪式增长的趋势;身体素质各项指标的敏感期86%以上处于男生7-8岁和11-15岁,女生7-12和15-16岁的年龄阶段,且敏感年龄分布既有分散,也有连续的特点;女生仅柔韧素质超过男生,且敏感年龄早于男生。结论少数民族学生各项身体素质训练的最佳年龄阶段和性别、年龄、民族差异等规律特征,可为各地不同民族不同地区学校的教学课程设置、运动训练、器材等提供参考。Objective To explore current situation and sensitive period of physical fitness among minority nationality in Yunnan Province. Methods Data of 7-18 years old students of Bai, Dai, Hani, Lisu, Naxi, Wa ethinicity on physical fitness including 50 m, standing long jump, sit ups, pull-up, grip, 50×8 round-trip run, 800 m, 1 000 m, sit-and-reach were collected and analyzed. Results There was an increased increment of physical fitness in junior high school age（ 13-15 years old）, Except for endurance capacity in 13-18-year-old girls of Dai, WA, Naxi, Lisu, indices of sports capacity increased with age. Sensitive period for physical fitness was observed in years of 7-8 and 11-15 for boys and 7-12 and 15-16 for girls, which showed both decentralized and continuous features. Girls had better performance in flexibility and earlier sensitive period, compared with boys. Conclusion The observed sensitive period for physical fitness among ethnic students could help to formulate appropriate strategies for teaching and training.

关 键 词：身体素质 生长和发育 敏感性与特异性 学生 少数民族 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R195.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]