德宏州15岁及以上居民主要慢性病及相关危险因素流行状况分析  

Analysis on epidemic situation of main chronic diseases and relevant risk factors among residents aged 15 and over in Dehong

作　　者：吴波青[1] 高右东 杨汝成 杨景晰 蔺应坤 苟长春 程文茹 

机构地区：[1]德宏州疾病预防控制中心,云南芒市678400

出　　处：《卫生软科学》2016年第5期312-316,共5页Soft Science of Health

摘　　要：[目的]了解云南省德宏州15岁及以上常住居民主要慢性病患病率及其相关危险因素,为相关部门制定慢性病干预措施提供依据。[方法]采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,对7745名调查者进行问卷调查、体格检查、实验室检测。[结果]德宏州15岁及以上居民高血压、糖尿病、脑卒中、哮喘、心肌梗死、慢性阻塞性肺炎(COPD)、恶性肿瘤的患病率分别为24.9%、7.3%、0.6%、0.7%、0.4%、2.6%、0.3%。傣族居民高血压的患病率高于汉族和景颇族居民,而景颇族居民的COPD患病率高于其他两种民族(P<0.01)。随着年龄的增加,居民高血压、糖尿病、脑卒中、哮喘、心肌梗死和COPD的患病率呈上升趋势(P<0.01)。随着文化程度的升高,居民患哮喘和COPD的患病率降低(P<0.05)。居民吸烟率为37.4%,危险饮酒率为6.0%。每天人均食盐摄入量>6 g者占41.9%,每周摄入1次以上腌制食品者占61.2%。居民经常锻炼率为83.0%,不经常锻炼率为15.4%,从不锻炼率为1.6%。居民超重率为25.6%,肥胖率为10.1%,中心性肥胖患病率为30.1%。[结论]德宏州居民的主要慢性病患病情况不容乐观,应加强对居民开展健康教育和健康促进,提高居民健康意识,促进居民改变不良生活方式、控制危险因素,从而预防和控制慢性病。Objective To know main chronic diseases and its risk factors among residents aged 15 and over in Dehong so as to provide the basis for formulating intervening measure of chronic diseases. Methods Multi - stage stratified sampling method was used to select 7745 investigators by questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory examination. Results The prevalence rate of hypertension, diabetes, stroke, asthma, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （ COPD）, malignancy was 24. 9%, 7. 3% , 0.6%, 0. 7% , 0.4%, 2.6%, 0. 3% respectively. The prevalence of hypertension among Dai minority residents was higher than Han and Jingpo minority. And the prevalence of COPD among jingpo people was higher than other two ethnic minority groups （P 〈0. 01 ） . With the increase of age, the prevalence of hy- pertension, myocardial infarction, diabetes, stroke, asthma and COPD was increasing （P 〈 O. O1 ） . With the increase of educational level, the residents had lower prevalence rates of asthma and COPD （P 〈 O. 05 ） . And the prevalence rate of smoking and hazardous drinking were 37.4% and 6. 0% respectively. The rate of per capital daily salt intake 〉6g was 41.9% , and the rate of weekly intake preserved foods more than 1 times was 61.2%. And the rate of regular exercise, not exercise regularly, and never exercise was 83.0%, 15.4% , 1.6% respec- tively. The prevalence rate of overweight, obesity and central obesity was 25.6%, 10. 1%, 30. 1% respectively. Conclusions The situation of chronic diseases is not allow optimistic in Dehong. It needs to strengthen health education and promoting for the residents. Promote residents＇ health consciousness, promote residents to change their harmful life style, control risk factors so as to prevent and control chronic diseases.

关 键 词：慢性病 患病率 危险因素 15岁及以上居民 德宏州 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]