铝含量对铸造316L不锈钢组织和性能的影响  

Influence of Al Content on Microstructure and Properties of Casting 316L Stainless Steel

作　　者：孟倩[1,2] 喇培清[2] 李恒[2] 撒兴瑞[2] 魏玉鹏[2] 郭鑫[2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学机电工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]兰州理工大学省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《热加工工艺》2016年第10期64-68,共5页Hot Working Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51164022);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(2014176);兰州交通大学青年基金项目(2012016)

摘　　要：采用中频无芯感应炉熔炼和砂型铸造的方法,制备了不同Al含量的316L奥氏体不锈钢,利用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、带能谱仪的扫描电镜、电子探针、拉伸试验和腐蚀试验,研究了Al含量对316L不锈钢的组织和性能的影响。结果表明:随Al含量增加,合金的基体相由奥氏体相转变为奥氏体+铁素体双相组织,并出现少量的氮化物;随Al含量增加,铸态和固溶态的316L不锈钢的屈服强度明显增大、抗拉强度先减小后增大、硬度显著增大,而伸长率降低。铸态316L不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能先降低后升高,经过固溶处理的合金的抗晶间腐蚀性能明显提高。Al含量为1.5%的固溶态316L不锈钢具有较好的综合性能,和铸态不加Al的316L不锈钢相比,各项性能指标有了很大提高,它对工业的生产具有极其重要的意义。By using medium frequency non core induction furnace melting and sand casting method, 316L austenitic stainless steels with different A1 content were prepared. The effects of aluminum content on the microstructure and properties of 316L stainless steels were investigated by X-ray diffraction analyzer （XRD）, optical microscopy, scan electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, electron probe microprobe analyzer （EPMA）, tensile test, and corrosion test. The results show that： with the increase of AI content, the ma~_x structure transforms from austenite into austenite and ferrite, and a small amount of nitrides appear. The yield strength of 316L stainless steels as cast and solid solution obviously increases with increasing A1 content, the tensile strength decreases first and then increases. The hardness increases significantly, the elongation decreases. The corrosion resistance of as cast 316L stainless steels decreases first and then increases, but the intergranular corrosion resistance of solid solution 316L stainless steels improves obviously, which increase with A1 content increasing. The solid solution 316L stainless steel containing 1.5% A1 has better comprehensive performance, compared with as-cast stainless steel without A1, the performance indicators improves greatly, which has the extremely important guiding significance for industrial production.

关 键 词：316L奥氏体不锈钢 铝元素 固溶处理 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG142.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]