人车冲突风险度评价指标计算研究综述  

An Overview of the Conflict Indicators between Vehicles and Pedestrians

作　　者：孙重静 辛飞飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学道路与交通工程教育部重点实验室,上海201804

出　　处：《交通信息与安全》2016年第2期9-16,38,共9页Journal of Transport Information and Safety

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(1600219251)资助

摘　　要：由于交通事故生成特点与事故统计缺陷的客观存在,交通冲突技术逐渐取代交通事故统计被应用于行人安全评价中。瑞典学者首先提出衡量车辆之间冲突严重程度的若干指标,其定义被不断修改和延伸,逐渐应用于人车冲突分析。对瑞典、日本及中国学者提出的人车冲突指标的概念、计算方法以及应用情况进行系统性地阐述,并归纳分析不同人车冲突指标的共性和差异性,探讨其局限性。多数指标并未考虑整个冲突过程,而只是分析某个特定时刻的严重性。此外,部分指标是基于计划轨迹和当前速度所预测的碰撞点提出的,但并未解释预测是如何完成的。最后,提出了人车冲突指标研究的难点,并对其进行展望。指标的可靠度和有效性是提出新指标需要考量的2个重要方面;如何准确、便捷、高效地利用视频数据进行指标提取是下一步研究的内容。Due to the characteristics of traffic accidents,and the deficiencies of accident reporting,accident statistics are gradually replaced by conflict techniques in safety evaluation models in order to overcome its deficiencies.The indicators for measuring the severity of conflicts between vehicles were first proposed by Swedish scholars.Then the concept is continuously modified,extended and gradually applied to pedestrian-vehicle conflict analysis.In this paper,the latest studies on the concept and computational methods and applications of the conflict indicators in Sweden,Japan and China are systematically reviewed in order to analyze their commonalities and differences and discuss their limitations.It is found that,firstly,most indicators are concerned with a particular moment of conflicts instead of the whole process.Secondly,a set of indicators are proposed for predicting collision points using the planned trajectory and current speed while the way of the forecasting is not explained.Finally,the challenges and prospective of this area is discussed.It is believed that the reliability and validity of new indicators are two important aspects that must be considered when evaluating conflict risk.The method for accurately,conveniently and efficiently extracting indicators from video data remain to be invented.

关 键 词：交通安全 人车冲突 风险评估 冲突指标 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]