云南野生莲瓣兰群落结构分析  

Community Structure Analysis of Yunnan Wild Cymbidium

作　　者：索默 毕玉芬[1] 叶广[2] 王鸿泽 唐敏[2] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学园林园艺学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第3期440-449,共10页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31260487)

摘　　要：本研究在云南西北和西部选取21个野生莲瓣兰居群,调查其植物种类和数量以分析群落结构。结果表明:野生莲瓣兰居群的群落结构较为稳定,分层明显,乔木层由云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)、青冈栎(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)、栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis)为主体,加以少量的杉科树种组成;灌木层由清香木(Pistacia weinmannifolia)、马樱花(Rhododendron delavayi Franch)、钓樟(Lindera umbellate Thumb.)、刺叶栎(Quercus spinosa David ex Fr.)组成;草本层主要由麦冬(Ophiopogon japonicus)、决明子(Cassia obtusifolia L.)、地石榴(Ficus tikoua Bur.)、白茅(Imperata cylindrica)等组成。乔木层中松科与壳斗科乔木数量的比值、草本层物种种类、乔木层和草本层植物数量均随着海拔的升高而降低。迪庆州和怒江州的壳斗科乔木占的比例较大,大理州和保山市则松科乔木比例偏大。从滇西北地区到滇西地区,草本层的物种种类呈增多趋势,乔木层和草本层物种密度有所增加。We selected 21 populations of wild Cymbidium and investigated the number of plant species to analyze the community structure in the northwest and West Yunnan. The results showed that： community structure of wild populations of Cymbidium relatively stable, the tree stratum is composed of Pinus yunnanensis, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Quercus variabilis, and a small number of fir species ; Pistacia weinmannifolia, Rhododendron delavayi, Lindera umbellate Thumb, Quercus spinosa consisting of shrub stratum; Ophiopogon japonicus, Cassia obtusifolia, Ficus tikoua Bur. , Imperata cylindrica etc. consisting of herbaceous stratum. Community is simple, obvious stratification, characterized Yunnan pine and C. glauca are the dominant species in tree stratum, presented ＂dual＂. The proportion of Pinaceae and Fagaceae＇s number in tree stratum, species of herb stratums, number of tree and herb straturns, were decreased with increasing altitude. Trees of Fagaceae are dominant in the proportion of Diqing and Nujiang Prefecture, while trees of Pinaceae are dominant in the proportion of Dali Prefecture and Baoshan City. Species richness of herb stratums showed an increasing trend, tree stratum and herb stratum species density increased from northwest to West Yunnan.

关 键 词：野生莲瓣兰 群落结构 海拔 

分 类 号：S682.310.1[农业科学—观赏园艺]