不同有机无机配施比例对设施菊花土壤养分性状的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Organic-inorganic Fertilizer on Soil Available Nutrients in Greenhouse Chrysanthemum

作　　者：姜蓉[1] 徐智[1] 汤利[1] 洪杨[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第3期504-510,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项基金(201103004;201103003);云南省高校科技创新团队支持计划;云南省教育厅基金(2013J102)

摘　　要：通过田间小区试验,研究常规施肥(CF,100%化肥)、化肥减量20%配施精制有机肥(OF)、化肥减量20%配施生物有机肥(BIO)、化肥减量30%联合配施精制有机肥和生物有机肥(COB)对设施菊花产量和土壤养分性状的影响。结果表明:在化肥减量20%或30%条件下,配施不同比例的有机肥有提高设施菊花鲜切花产量的趋势,并显著改善设施菊花土壤肥力性状,调控土壤p H值。至菊花收获期,常规施肥(CF,100%化肥)可使设施菊花当季土壤p H值下降0.6个单位,而化肥减量配施不同有机肥的OF、BIO和COB处理则显著减缓了土壤p H的下降;与常规施肥(CF,100%化肥)相比,在化肥减量20%和化肥减量30%条件下,OF、BIO和COB对土壤速效磷和速效钾含量无显著影响,但显著增加设施菊花土壤碱解氮含量,增幅分别为6.9%、11.1%和7.7%。化肥减量20%配施生物有机肥(BIO)显著增加了当季设施菊花土壤有机质含量,与CF、OF和COB相比,分别增加了3.3%、5.2%和3.9%。主成分分析表明,不同有机无机肥配施比例对土壤养分的影响明显不同,起分异作用的主要土壤养分因子是p H值和碱解氮。化肥减量20%配施生物有机肥对改善设施菊花土壤肥力,提高设施菊花产量品质的效应最为显著。A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of the conventional fertilization （ CF, 100% chemical fertilizer） , the refined organic fertilizer in combining with 20% reduced chemical fertilizer （OF）, the bio-organic fertilizer in combining with 20% reduced chemical fertilizer （BIO） and the organic and bio-organic fertilizer combined with 30% reduced chemical fertilizer （COB） on the chrysanthemum yield and soil available nutrients content. The result showed that, compared with CF, the treatments of OF, BIO and COB bad the trend of increasing the chrysanthemum yield, significantly improved the soil fertility and regulated the soil pH. CF significantly reduced the soil pH by 0.6, but OF, BIO and COB treatments controlled the pH decrease markedly. Compared with CF, OF, BIO and COB showed no significant effects on soil available-P and available-K content, but significantly increased available-N content by 6.9% , 11.1% and 7.7% , respectively. Compared with CF, OF and COB treatments, BIO significantly increased soil OM content by 3.3%, 5.2% and 3.9%, respectively. The principal component analysis showed that, soil pH and available-N content were the key factors influencing the soil fertility of greenhouse chrysanthemum. 20% chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer is the better practice for improving soil fertility, yield and quality of greenhouse chrysanthemum.

关 键 词：有机肥 生物有机肥 化肥减量 设施菊花 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S143.6[农业科学—肥料学] S682.11[农业科学—农业基础科学]