5种植物提取物对朱砂叶螨的触杀活性测定  

Evaluation on Acaricidal Activities of Five Plants Extracts against Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval

作　　者：马新耀[1] 程作慧[2] 刘耀华[1] 李生才[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学文理学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第3期562-566,共5页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：山西省留学人员重点科研资助项目(2013-重点6);山西省自然科学基金(2013011031-2);山西省科技攻关(20120311013-4);中国博士后基金(112125)

摘　　要：为筛选高效的植物源杀螨活性物质,采用玻片浸渍法测定了泽漆、牛至、车前草、龙葵和铁苋5种植物乙醇提取物对朱砂叶螨的触杀活性。结果表明:当提取物质量浓度为2 mg/m L时,铁苋乙醇提取物对朱砂叶螨的触杀效果在24 h和48 h均极显著于其他4种植物(P﹤0.01),校正死亡率分别为33.63%和85.21%。根据初筛结果对铁苋进行不同极性溶剂的生物活性测定,得到氯仿提取物杀螨活性(48 h)极显著高于石油醚和乙醇提取物(P﹤0.01),校正死亡率为90.28%。进一步采用喷雾法对铁苋氯仿提取物进行毒力测定,结果表明随着触杀时间的延长,LC50逐渐降低,在处理48 h时LC50最小,为2.81 mg/m L。由此可知:铁苋氯仿提取物有较高的杀螨活性。研究为开发高效的植物源杀螨剂提供理论依据。To screen the efficient bioactive compounds of botanical acaricidal, the acaricidal activities of five plants ethanol extracts against Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval were evaluated using slide - dip method. The results showed that Acalypha australis L. ethanol extracts were virulent against T. cinnabarinus 24 h and 48 h after the treatment than the others at the concentration at 2 mg/mL. The corrected mortality was 33.63% and 85.21% at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. According to the primary test results, A. australis of different polar solvent were used to biological activity tracking. The chloroform extracts of A. australis showed higher acaricidal activity than those of others, with the corrected mortality of 90. 28%. Further, A. australis of chloroform extracts was measured using toxicity testing by spraying method. LC50 decreased with contacting time increasing and the lowest value was 2.81 rag/ mL after 48 h treatment. Therefore, A. australis of chloroform extracts showed higher acaricidal activity. So this study can provide scientific basis for the development of botanical acaricide.

关 键 词：杀螨植物 朱砂叶螨 杀螨活性 

分 类 号：S435.622.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]