南疆阿拉尔地区近31年沙尘天气变化特征及影响因素  

Changing characteristics and main causes of sand- dust weather in Alar area in south of Xinjiang during 1981 ~ 2011

作　　者：牛建龙[1,2] 王家强[1] 彭杰[1] 王煜东[2] 蒋学玮[1] 

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学植物科学学院,阿拉尔843300 [2]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京210044

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2016年第6期102-107,共6页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41061301;41361048;41261083);兵团青年科技创新专项(2012CB020);国家公益性行业(气象)专项(GYHY201106025);塔里木大学校长基金(TDZKSS05003)资助

摘　　要：根据南疆阿拉尔地区1981-2011年逐日沙尘日数、平均气温、平均相对湿度、平均风速、降水量、蒸发皿蒸发量和大风日数等气象资料,采用气候倾向率、距平和距平相关方法分析了阿拉尔地区近31年沙尘天气变化特征及影响因素。结果表明:1)近31年阿拉尔地区浮尘日数﹥扬沙日数﹥沙尘暴日数,整体呈减少趋势,减幅分别为2.4d/10a、8.2d/10a和45.1d/10a,累计减少了7.4d、25.4d和56.7d。2)阿拉尔地区沙尘天气呈"春﹥夏﹥秋﹥冬"的季节分布,4月、5月为沙尘天气高发时段,12月、1月是低发时段;四季(春、夏、秋、冬)沙尘天气呈减少趋势,累计减少了1.2d、5.6d、23.6d,4.3d、12.7d、19.5d,1.2d、5.9d、9.0d和0.6d、1.2d、5.3d。3)近31年阿拉尔地区年沙尘天气减少主要与蒸发量减少、平均风速降低、大风日数减少和平均相对湿度增大有关,与平均气温、降水量和干燥度无关;季沙尘天气减少是由蒸发量减少、干燥度减小、平均风速降低、大风日数减少和平均相对湿度增大等多种气象因子共同作用,与平均气温和降水量关系不大。Based on the meteorological date of the days of sand- dust,average temperature,average relative humidity,average wind speed,precipitation,pan evaporation and days of strong wind in Alar area in south of Xinjiang from 1981 to 2011,the changing characteristics and main causes in Alar area were analyzed by climate inclination rate,anomalies and anomaly correlation method. The result showed that： 1） The tendency of sand- dust weather on annual distribution was ＂ floating dust ﹥ blowing sand ﹥ sand storm＂,the tendencies were declining,and declining rates were 2. 4d /10 a,8. 2d /10 a and 45. 1d /10 a,respectively,and reduced accumulatively by 7. 4d,25. 4d and 56. 7d respectively in Alar during 1981 ～ 2011. 2） The days of sand- dust weather on seasonal distribution was ＂ spring ﹥ summer ﹥ autumn ﹥ winter＂; the April and May were the time scales with higher frequency of sand- dust weather; December and January were the time scales with lower frequency during1981 ～ 2011. Besides,the tendency of the floating dust,blowing sand and sand storm in four seasons（ spring,summer,autumn,winter） were declined during 1981 to 2011. 3） The declining of annual sand- dust weather was controlled by the declined evaporation,reduced average wind speed,declined days of strong wind and increased average relative humidity; but it was not influenced by average air temperature,precipitation and aridity index. Meanwhile,the decline of seasonal sand- dust weather was controlled by declined evaporation,declined aridity index,reduced average wind speed,declined days of strong wind and increased average relative humidity,but it was not influenced by average air temperature and precipitation in Alar during 1981 ～ 2011.

关 键 词：阿拉尔地区 沙尘天气 距平相关 

分 类 号：P445.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]