梭鱼早期发育阶段体色形成与鳍的分化  

Body Color Variation and Fins Differentiation during Early Development of Mullet(Liza haematocheila)

作　　者：聂广锋 李加儿[1] 区又君[1] 吴水清[1,2] 王鹏飞[1] 温久福[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广州510300 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2016年第3期395-403,共9页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(No.2012A020602016);广东省海洋渔业科技推广专项项目(No.A201101D02)

摘　　要：采集池塘育苗的39日龄之前的梭鱼（Liza haematocheila）仔、稚、幼鱼,对其早期发育阶段体色的变化以及鳍的发生、发育进行了连续观察。初孵仔鱼体表不具黑色素,仅卵黄囊具黑色素,孵化后2日龄体表黑色素增加,鳍膜无色透明。8日龄仔鱼开始变得不透明,腹侧有黑色线状斑点。在18~19日龄仔鱼转化为稚鱼时,鱼体背部具大量雪花状黑色素颗粒,在透色光下可观察到淡黄色斑点（黄色素）。30日龄幼鱼与成鱼相似,体表具淡白色,背褐腹白。梭鱼仔鱼在早期发育阶段各鳍的发育顺序是：胸鳍→尾鳍→腹鳍→背鳍→臀鳍→第二鳍棘。初孵仔鱼,鳍褶从头部后缘向后绕过尾部,终止于卵黄囊后缘油球外侧。2日龄仔鱼具胸鳍芽,全身由鳍膜包裹,5日龄仔鱼胸鳍和尾鳍鳍膜已具有相当的运动能力,能够起到推动和维持身体平衡的作用。梭鱼鳍在早期发育过程中最明显的变化是尾鳍的生长和鳍节的发育。梭鱼仔鱼在12日龄时出现腹鳍棘芽基,15日龄时第二背鳍棘出现。17日龄,尾椎骨向上弯曲,尾鳍基本发育完成,长鳍条16根,具10节,中间几根棘条末三节二向分叉,短鳍条上下各6~8根;背鳍有鳍条11根,具5节,最外侧鳍棘具刺,基部有支鳍骨。至30日龄,梭鱼幼鱼各鳍发育完全,与成鱼相似。The body color variation and fins development at early life stages of mullet（Liza haematocheila） were continually observed by colleting samples of larvae, juveniles and young fish reared in pond from newly hatching to 39 days after hatching（30 fish samples each day）. Samples was observed under a microscope（Leica DM LB2） and stereo microscope（Carl Zeiss Stemi2000C） with Q-Capture Pro 6.0 software camera. The newly hatched larvae fish surface did not show melanin, with only yolk sac containing melanin. Two days after hatching（dph） body surface melanin appeared, with fin membrane colorless and transparent. At 8 dph the larvae became opaque, with black line ventral spots. At 18﹣19 dph, larvae transformed into juveniles, and the fish back showed numerous snow flake-like melanin granules in the shade under transparent yellowish spots. At 30 dph juveniles were similar to adult fish, showing pale white body surface, brown back, and white belly（Fig. 1）. The developmental sequence of the fin in early life of mullet larval was： pectoral fin, caudal fin, ventral fin, dorsal fin, anal fin, and the second fin spines. In newly hatched larvae, the finfold distributed from edge of the head to the tail, and finally ended at lateral oil balls located at the rear edge of the yolk sac. Two dph larvae showed a pectoral fin buds, and densely fin membrane at all body; 5 dph- larvae had pectoral and caudal fins film, which had considerable moving ability and body balance maintaining function. During early development of fins the most obvious change was the growth and development of caudal fin sections. Mullet larvae developed their pelvic spines bud base at 12 dph（Fig. 2）, while the second dorsal fin spines appeared at 15 dph. At 17 dph（Fig. 3）, tailbone bent upward, and basically completed development（Fig. 4）, with 16 long fins, each containing with 10 sections, and at the end of middle section of pins a few spines showed two to three bifurcations. Short fin root had 6﹣8 sections up and down. Do

关 键 词：梭鱼 体色 鳍 分化 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]