冬眠动物骨骼肌生理适应及机制的研究进展  

Physiological Adaptation of Skeletal Muscles and Potential Mechanisms in Hibernators

作　　者：党凯[1] 高云芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学生命科学学院,西安710069

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2016年第3期497-506,共10页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.30770273);2011年度高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题(No.20116101110013);陕西省国际科技合作与交流计划项目(No.2013KW26-01)

摘　　要：非冬眠动物的骨骼肌在废用条件下会发生明显的萎缩。冬眠动物在历经数月的冬眠期骨骼肌废用后,仍能保持较完整的形态结构与良好的收缩功能,成为天然的抗废用性肌萎缩动物模型。探明冬眠动物骨骼肌对废用的生理适应机制,是生理生态学领域的重要课题之一。本文从形态结构、肌纤维类型和收缩功能等方面综述了冬眠动物对冬眠期骨骼肌废用状态的生理适应,并从蛋白质代谢、生长与分化的调控、代谢类型的调控、氧化应激以及线粒体结构与氧化能力等方面分析了冬眠期骨骼肌生理适应的可能机制。Disuse leads to skeletal muscle atrophy in non-hibernating mammals. Despite facing prolonged period of hibernation disuse, skeletal muscles in hibernators are well protected, characterized with integrative structure and excellent contractile ability during hibernation. Therefore, hibernators provide a natural model to study the mechanisms preventing disuse muscles atrophy. Understanding the mechanisms of the physiological adaptation in hibernators′ skeletal muscles is one of the major topics in physiological ecology field. However, such mechanisms in hibernators have not yet been elucidated. In this paper, physiological adaption of skeletal muscles to hibernation disuse is reviewed with respect to morphology, fiber type distribution and contractile property. Moreover, the review focuses on the potential adaptive mechanisms, including protein metabolism, regulations of growth, differentiation and metabolic type, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial structure and oxidative capacity.

关 键 词：冬眠 骨骼肌 废用性肌萎缩 生理适应 

分 类 号：Q44[生物学—生理学]