中国石油成品油一次物流发展现状、存在问题及对策建议  

PetroChina′s Primary Oil Product Logistics Today,Challenges and Solutions

作　　者：陆争光 高鹏[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)油气管道输送安全国家工程实验室/城市油气输配技术北京市重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石油天然气股份有限公司规划总院,北京100083

出　　处：《中外能源》2016年第5期14-20,共7页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：目前,中国石油成品油一次物流"西油东送、北油南运、周边调配"的调运格局明显,一次调运规模总体较大;"大规模、专业化管理,逐步对标国际运输结构水平"的物流系统初见成色;积极与同行企业进行资源串换合作,实现降本增效;油品质量升级而种类依旧较多,促成了"分储分输、小批量、多批次"的物流模式;一次物流运费总额持续攀升,吨油运费维持高位。存在的主要问题包括:成品油运输结构尚不合理,抗波动、抗风险的稳定运输能力不足;成品油管道网络化程度不高、运行负荷率偏低;长输管道枢纽地区库容较小,难以满足现有运行要求;直炼资源在部分地区调运配置难度较大;产销地域差异大,存在大量远距离、跨区运输;职能型组织结构下的物流信息化尚不完善,供应链条块划分严重,整体协同效率较低。针对于此,建议积极推进体制机制创新,提高成品油管道利用率;加强管网枢纽站建设,提高管网灵活性和适应性;积极迎接"大数据"、"物联网"和"互联网+",持续推进物流优化信息系统建设,提高成品油物流业务经营管理效率和水平;适应国家管道公平开放政策,广纳代输资源;加强物流专业人才队伍建设,提供成品油业务人力资源保障。PetroChina′s primary oil product logistics today are characterized by flow of oil products from the west to the east,flow of oil products from the north to the south and allocation of oil products among neigh-boring areas.The scale of allocation and transportation is large.A large-scale logistics system managed profes-sionally in line with international transportation practice and standards has taken preliminary shape.The com-pany has been actively cooperating with its domestic peers in swapping resources in order to reduce cost and increase efficiency.The upgrades of oil product quality and the large variety of oil products have contributed to the formation of the logistics pattern in which oil products are separately stored and transported by small and multiple batches.The total freight charge of primary logistics has been rising continuously and the freight charge per ton of oil products has stayed high.Main problems with the system include ：The structure of oil product transport is still not rational and a stable transport capability that can resist fluctuations and risks isshort;the penetration of networked oil product pipelines is low and the capacity utilization rate is low;the local storage capacities of long-distance pipeline hubs are small and unable to meet the current need;directly refined resources are difficult to allocate in some areas;production areas and sales destinations are usually far apart,resulting in much need for long-distance and cross-region transportation;the logistics informatization of functional organizations still needs to be improved and the highly fragmented supply chain produces very low synergy.To solve these issues,the article suggests the company should actively push system innovations to im-prove the utilization of oil product pipelines;strengthen the construction of pipeline network hubs to increase the flexibility and adaptability of pipeline networks;actively embrace ＂big data＂, ＂Internet of things＂ and ＂Internet ＋＂ to continue to optimize logistics info

关 键 词：成品油一次物流 调运规模 资源串换 吨油运费 运输结构 管道 库容 

分 类 号：F426.22[经济管理—产业经济] F252.1