草木灰与化肥配施对玉米农艺性状及产量的影响  

Effects of Plant Ash Fertilizer and Combined Application of Fertilizer on the Agronomic Traits and Yield of Maize

作　　者：祝延立[1] 郗登宝[1] 潘晓峰[1] 那伟[1] 赵新颖[1] 凤鹏[1] 程小东[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院农村能源与生态研究所,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2016年第9期42-43,152,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20130305041NY)

摘　　要：[目的]研究草木灰与化肥配施对玉米生长及产量的影响,探讨施用草木灰后玉米生长变化规律,筛选出适宜配比,为农田合理配施草木灰、提高作物产量提供参考。[方法]以玉米为试材,采用田间试验方法,对比草木灰与氮、磷、钾化肥配施,玉米株高、穗长、穗粗、百粒重及产量表现。[结果]草木灰与氮磷肥配施,玉米株高、穗长、穗粗、百粒重及产量均高于氮钾和磷钾配施处理,分别比对照高15.41 cm、1.83 cm、0.48 cm、6.16 g,产量达10 938.85 kg/hm^2,比对照(CK)增产37.91%,比施用氮磷钾化肥增产1.86%。与氮磷钾3种营养元素配施,玉米产量为11 036.35 kg/hm^2,比对照(CK)增产39.14%,比施用氮磷钾不施草木灰处理增产2.77%,两者差异不显著。[结论]草木灰与化肥配合施用,玉米农艺性状表现良好,且能提高产量。玉米田草木灰与氮磷钾化肥配合施用,优选氮肥、磷肥,在农业生产中,可用草木灰替代钾肥与氮磷肥配施,减少无机钾肥的施用量,增加玉米产量。[Objective] To research the effects of plant ash fertilizer on the growth and yield of maize,to discuss the growth change rule of maize after applying plant ash,to screen the appropriate proportion,and to provide references for the rational application of plant ash and the yield increase of crops. [Method] With maize as the test materials,field test was adopted to compare the combined application of plant ash with N,P and K,as well as the plant height,ear length,ear width,100-gain weight and yield of maize. Significance analysis was carried out. [Result]In combined application of plant ash with N,P and K,the plant height,ear length,ear width,100-grain weight and yield were higher than those in combined application of N and K,and P and K,which enhanced by 15. 41 cm,1. 83 cm,0. 48 cm,6. 16 g,respectively. The yield increased by 37. 91% compared with CK,and 1. 86% compared with the application of N,P and K. Corn yield in combined application of N,P and K reached 10 938. 85 kg/hm^2,which enhanced by 39. 14% compared with CK and 2. 77% compared with the application of N,P and K. The two treatments showed no significant differences. [Conclusion]The combined application of plant ash and fertilizer enhances the maize yield,shows good agronomic characters of maize. Combined application of plant ash and N,P,K（ especially N,P） reduces the application amount of K and enhances the yield of maize during agricultural production.

关 键 词：草木灰 化肥 配施 玉米 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]