2015年4月我国降水异常特征及成因分析  

Analysis of Rainfall Anomalies in China in April 2015

作　　者：吴林荣[1] 王艳姣[2] 乔丽 杜莉丽[1] 邱丽[4] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省气象局,陕西西安710014 [2]中国气象局国家气候中心,北京100081 [3]陕西省西安市气象局,陕西西安710016 [4]陕西省安康市气象局,陕西安康725000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2016年第9期216-220,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973计划)(2013CB430201);陕西省气象局科技创新基金项目(2013M-39)

摘　　要：利用NCEP再分析资料和我国2 425个台站月降水量等资料,系统分析了2015年4月我国降水异常特征和成因,并重点研究了2014~2016年厄尔尼诺事件对我国降水和大气环流异常的可能影响。结果表明,受赤道太平洋—印度洋暖海温的影响,在赤道印度洋-太平洋地区形成了印-太海气系统齿轮式耦合,使得西太平洋副热带高压出现了明显的加强西伸,受其影响,西南季风水汽和副高外围的暖湿水汽均无法输送到我国长江以南地区,造成我国江南和华南地区降水持续偏少。相关分析表明,2014~2016年厄尔尼诺事件的发生对欧亚中高纬度地区环流也产生了一定的影响,并通过影响环流进而对我国降水异常产生影响。Based on the NCEP reanalysis data and the monthly precipitation data from 2425 stations of China,the characteristics and causes of rainfall anomalies in China in April 2015 were analyzed,the probable effect of El Nino in 2014- 2016 on rainfall anomalies and atmospheric circulation anomalies in China were mainly studied. Results showed that under the influence of warm temperature of the equatorial Pacific ocean and the equatorial Indian ocean,the GIP（ Gearing of circulation over equatorial Indian and Pacific） was formed in the equatorial IndianPacific ocean area,which made a distinct westward extension of the western Pacific subtropical high. This extension produced a negative effect on the delivery of warm-wet water vapor from southwestern Monsoon and the ambient subtropical high to the south side area of the Yangtze River,which caused a continuous rainfall reduction in South China and southern Yangtze area. Related analysis indicated that the El Nino in 2014 and 2016 also had some negative influences on the circulation in middle-high latitude area in Europe and Asia,and then had impacts on the precipitation anomalies in China.

关 键 词：降水异常 厄尔尼诺 大气环流 成因 

分 类 号：S161.6[农业科学—农业气象学]