“总体性治理”与国家“访”务——以信访制度变迁为中心的考察  

Overall Governance and State Affairs of Xinfang-.A Study Focused on the Transition of Xinfang System

作　　者：刘正强[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院社会学研究所

出　　处：《社会科学》2016年第6期94-104,共11页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"信访难案的解释与治理研究"(项目编号:12BSH030)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：中国信访所面临的诸多困境与信访制度的变迁不无关系,而这又离不开中国社会"总体性治理"的背景。改革开放前,与总体性社会相对应,社会治理是总体性的,即基于意识形态认同、以单位制为载体并由国家专断权力做保障的社会治理诸制度是一个自洽的整体,制度之间有较高的同质性、兼容性,而信访则是链接中央与地方、穿透国家与社会的基础性治理制度。随着总体性社会的松动,特别是按照科层制的要求,总体性治理体系中不同制度板块的功能、链接发生了变化,奠基于群众路线原则的信访制度则承受了社会治理低效的代价。重建信访制度需要回归其政治属性,形成妥帖安顿民意的扁平化制度安排,在某种意义上,这也是应对社会总体治理失灵的必需。While not denying the connection between the transition of China＇s Xinfang system and the dilemma it faces, there also exists something to probe into on the situation of overall governance of contemporary China society. Before the Reform and Open era, the communication between the total social regulation, which based on the identity of communist ideology, supports of so-called Danwei system, guarantees of party-state arbitrary power, and overall social units made out a self-consistent system with strong homogeneity and compatibility. Thus Xinfang system was forged into a basic institutional arrangement of social regulation which bridged central and local governments, as well as penetrated party- state and grass-root society. Nevertheless, accompanied with the collapse of overall holistic society and the necessity of the running of hierarchical bureaucracy, China had witnessed a tremendous change of society, which meant all the functions and links of different sub-systems within the overall regulation system, i. e Xinfang system which laid a foundation on Communist China＇s Mass Line principle had to face the chanlleges oriented from the inefficiency of social regulation and had been widely criticized since the 1990s. The rebuilding of Xinfang system claims a return to its oriental political attributes and thus forms an appropriate flat institutional arrangement of the reasonal communication of public opinions. Meanwhile, in some extent, for China＇s governments it is either essential to cope with the possible failure of society overall regulation in the context of social governance.

关 键 词：信访 总体性治理 制度链接 社会治理 

分 类 号：C913[经济管理] D63[社会学]