伴生栽培对设施黄瓜根际土壤养分的影响  

Influence of Companion Planting on Rhizosphere Soil Nutrients of Greenhouse Cucumber

作　　者：赵晓翠[1,2] 刘文宝[2,3] 王清华[2] 张敏[2] 董昊文 张卫华[2] 李絮花[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学资源与环境学院/土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,山东济南250100 [3]山东农业工程学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2016年第5期75-79,104,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省财政厅2015农业重大应用技术创新课题;山东省农业科学院创新项目(2014CXZ07-2)

摘　　要：本试验以黄瓜为供试作物,设置甘蓝、菜花、大蒜、大葱四种伴生栽培模式,研究不同伴生条件下黄瓜根际土壤养分的变化规律。速效氮的测定结果显示伴生菜花、甘蓝、大葱、大蒜与黄瓜之间或多或少都存在硝态氮的竞争现象,菜花能够促进氮素向铵态氮转化,而大葱作伴生蔬菜能有效吸收土壤中多余铵态氮;从速效磷的测定结果看甘蓝和菜花与黄瓜伴生能够促进土壤固定的磷元素释放,而大葱和大蒜作伴生蔬菜能够加快土壤中的速效磷吸收利用;速效钾的测定结果表明伴生甘蓝能促进土壤胶体吸附的钾离子释放,显著提高土壤速效钾含量,大蒜则利于解除高钾危害。因此无论是甘蓝、菜花还是大葱、大蒜都能有效降低土壤的盐离子浓度,防止或降低土壤盐害,从各方面综合考量以大葱和大蒜伴生黄瓜为最佳。Using greenhouse cucumber as research object,four different companion planting models,cabbage,cauliflower,garlic and green Chinese onion,were designed to investigate the changes of rhizosphere soil nutrients of cucumber. The results showed that cauliflower,cabbage,green Chinese onion and garlic all had competition with cucumber on nitrate nitrogen. The cauliflower could promote the transformation of nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen,while green Chinese onion could effectively absorb redundant ammonium nitrogen in the soil. The cabbage and cauliflower could release the phosphorus from fixed by soil,while green Chinese onion and garlic could speed up the uptake of available phosphorus in the soil. The cabbage could significantly increase the content of soil available potassium through releasing the potassium ion adsorbed by soil colloid,while garlic was conducive to eliminate the threat of high potassium. Thus,cabbage,cauliflower,garlic and green Chinese onion all could effectively reduce the soil salt concentration and prevent soil salinity. Comprehensively considering,the garlic and green Chinese onion performed the best.

关 键 词：伴生栽培 设施黄瓜 土壤养分 土壤盐分 

分 类 号：S642.204.7[农业科学—蔬菜学]