克拉玛依农业综合开发区土壤水盐运移特征与影响因素的分析  

Analysis of soil water-salt movement and influence factor in Karamay agricultural development area

作　　者：陈银磊[1] 程建军[1] 马仲民 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,石河子832003 [2]新疆生产建设兵团勘察规划设计研究院,石河子832000

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第2期222-231,共10页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：石河子大学杰出青年人才培育计划项目(2014ZRKXJQ06)

摘　　要：克拉玛依大农业区自2000年开发至今出现了明显的地下水水位上升和土壤盐渍化问题,严重制约了该区可持续发展。为探求该区土壤盐渍化的原因和防治措施,本研究选取22个长期观测井和11个典型土壤测坑,通过对水文地质、水量计算、土壤盐分、水位变化及水化学参数等基础调查和测试,综合分析该区采取水肥一体化的节水灌溉措施致使地下水水位持续上升及土壤盐渍化过程中,土壤水盐运移特征及其影响因素,结果表明:1997-2014年研究区域内平均水位上升了6.93 m,地下水的矿化度已整体处于高位,大部分已经是无法利用的盐水,p H>7说明2013、2014年整个区域的地下水水质呈碱性化;水肥一体化管道引水灌溉模式每年带入该区的盐量平均为2.54万t,现状条件下大农业区处于积盐状态;铵态氮和土壤盐分显著正相关,表明大量施用含氮的化肥(如尿素)也是造成土壤盐分增加的一个主要原因。为实现研究区的可持续发展,本研究提出了该区应该加强暗管排水排盐和生物排盐措施、调整种植业结构和全面实施精准灌溉和精准施肥措施等方面的建议。It is found that the groundwater table and serious soil salinization has an obvious rise since the beginning of development from 2000 in the agricultural area of Karamay in Xinjiang Province, and has severely restricted the sustainable development. In order to find out the reasons and the control measures of local soil salinization, this paper has selected 22 monitoring wells and 11 typical soil test holes. With the survey of analyzed the water budget and the hydrogeology, soil salinity, water level and chemical parameter of water, we analyzed the characteristic and factors of movement of water and salinity of soil in the process of the continue rising water depth and soil salinization causing by the water-saving measures of integrative water and fertilizer in the agriculture area, the results show that： the mean water depth has risen 6.93 m from 1997 to 2014 in the study area, and the TDS of groundwater remains high overall and most of them have become to the useless salt water, and the p H also shows that the groundwater quality have become alkalization. It shows that the integrative water-fertilizer and transferred by pipeline for irrigation have brought in annual mean salt of 2.54×10^4t to the area, and the study area keeps salt accumulation in soil at current situation. In addition, there is a positive correlation between the ammonium nitrogen and soil salinity. It shows that the massive use of nitrogen fertilizer（e.g., urea） is also a main reason that cause the salt accumulation in soil. Careful management of drainage and salt-removing, along with the biological salt-removing and adjust the structure of plantation, also with the accurate irrigation and fertilization are considered necessary in this paper in order to accomplish the sustainable development, and it is hoped that it can provide a reference for the analogous regions.

关 键 词：克拉玛依 地下水 盐渍化 水质 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]