动词重叠式的现实性句法特征演变  

The Change of Verb Reduplication on Realis-Irrealis Distinction

作　　者：张赪[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学中文系

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2016年第3期135-144,194,共10页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：本文选取明初期和明中叶三部小说作为语料,考察了小说中各类动词重叠式在现实句和非现实句中的使用情况,联系汉语的历史,指出"V一V、VV"动词重叠式在产生之初既可用于现实句、也可用于非现实句,但逐渐演变为具有强非现实性特征的句法结构,明代中叶前后是这一变化的重要时期。明中叶动词重叠式现实性表达存在地域分布差异,北方主要用"V了V",南方主要用"V一V",清以后"V一V、VV"一般要加"了"才可用于现实句。现实性与非现实是语法学研究中一对颇有争议的范畴,其是否有独立存在的价值,学界都有不同意见。本文以动词重叠式的发展为例,说明这对范畴确对汉语语法的历史演变发生了作用,有进一步研究的必要。The study selects three novels written in the Ming Dynasty,and investigates the usage of verb reduplication on the expression of realis or irrealis,which concludes: 1) verb reduplication 'VyiV ''VV'can be used in sentences expressing either realis or irrealis at the initial stage,and change to be used mainly in sentences expressing irrealis; 2) The middle period of the Ming Dynasty is a critical period of the change,and early Northern Mandarin use 'V le V'mainly in sentences expressing realis and early Southern Mandarin use 'V yiV 'in sentences expressing realis,after the Qing Dynasty 'V le V'and 'V le yi V'derive and develop to be constructions used in sentences expressing realis; 3) 'realis-irrealis'is a controversial category in the study of grammar. The study shows that the pair of category independently affects the change of usage of verb reduplication in Chinese history,and,therefore,it is necessary to have 'realisirrealis'category in the study of grammar.

关 键 词：动词重叠 现实性 非现实性 明代 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]