不同灌溉方式对日光温室小气候的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation Schemes on the Microclimate of Solar Greenhouse

作　　者：张春同 刘淑梅[2] 贾丹 

机构地区：[1]天津市宁河区气象局,天津301500 [2]天津市气候中心,天津300074

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2016年第6期38-41,共4页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：天津市气象局区县专项(qxzx201526)

摘　　要：目前的温室种植中,滴灌是温室蔬菜灌溉的首选方式。本试验中,选择沟灌、滴灌两种灌溉条件的日光温室,监测温室番茄生长季的0.1,0.2 m两层土壤温度、1.5 m高度处的空气湿度和空气温度,分析两种灌溉条件的土壤温度的时间和空间变化特征。结果表明,在定植后灌溉当天,滴灌温室的空气最高温度、空气最低湿度、0.1 m土温、0.2 m土温分别是33.2℃、38%、18.8℃、19.6℃,沟灌温室分别是24.3℃、71%、15.3℃、16.3℃。开花期灌溉当天,滴灌温室的空气最高温度、空气最低湿度、0.1 m土温、0.2 m土温分别是24.6℃、39%、15.4℃、15.1℃,沟灌温室分别是16.2℃、69%、12.7℃、13.3℃。两次灌溉过程中,沟灌条件下温室内的空气温度和土壤温度都明显低于滴灌条件的温室,空气湿度明显高于滴灌条件的温室,滴灌条件下更有利于番茄的生长发育。Drip irrigation is the preferred method of greenhouse vegetable irrigation in greenhouse planting nowadays. The solar greenhouse with furrow irrigation and drip irrigation were chosen in this study to monitor the soil temperature of 0.1 m and 0.2 m, the air temperature and the humidity at 1.5 m height, furthermore, to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil temperature with different irrigation methods. The results showed that on the day of irrigation after field planting, the maximum air temperature, minimum air humidity, soil temperature in the depth of 0.1 m and 0.2 m with drip irrigation was 33.2 ℃, 38%, 18.8 ℃ and19.6 ℃ respectively, while with the furrow irrigation, the value was 24.3 ℃,71%,15.3 ℃ and 16.3 ℃, respectively. And on the day of irrigation in flowering stage, the maximum air temperature, minimum air humidity, soil temperature in the depth of 0.1 m and 0.2 m with drip irrigation was 24.6 ℃, 39%, 15.4 ℃ and 15.1 ℃, respectively, while with the furrow irrigation, the value was 16.2 ℃, 69%,12.7 ℃ and 13.3 ℃, respectively. Thinking about these two irrigation schemes, the air temperature and soil temperature with furrow irrigation were much lower than that with drip irrigation, and the air humidity was obviously higher. Thus, the research concluded that drip irrigation was more favorable for the growth and development of tomatoes.

关 键 词：灌溉 温室 小气候 

分 类 号：S625[农业科学—园艺学]