不同豚草防治区土表节肢动物多样性的比较  

Comparison of the diversity of arthropods among plots with different control methods for common ragweed(Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)

作　　者：郑兴汶[1,2] 陈红松[1] 罗敏[1] 郭薇[1] 李敏[1] 万方浩[1] 王建国[3] 周忠实[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]江西省广昌县白莲产业发展局,广昌344900 [3]江西农业大学农学院植物保护系,南昌330045

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2016年第5期673-690,共18页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:31171908)资助

摘　　要：豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia)是一种世界性恶性杂草,也是入侵我国的重要杂草之一,其不仅对入侵地的植物种群多样性造成极大的破坏,同时也严重危害土表节肢动物多样性.世界各国都在积极地采取各项措施控制豚草的进一步扩散和危害,其中生物防治是一种高效、安全、经济的防治措施.由此,通过小区试验比较了生物防治(广聚萤叶甲(Ophraella communa)和豚草卷蛾(Epiblema strenuana))区和化学药剂防治(农达)区内土表节肢动物多样性,并运用多样性指数、丰富度指数、优势集中性指数、均匀度指数等指标进行分析、评价.通过对70个试验小区进行8次的系统取样调查,共采集到2个纲,13个目,86个科,16838个节肢动物个体,其中弹尾目、蜘蛛目、膜翅目、同翅目等的节肢动物是优势物种,弹尾目的个体数量是各科目之最,占总个体数的35.7%.不同控制措施防治豚草,天敌昆虫豚草卷蛾和广聚萤叶甲防治小区的多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数均较化学药剂防治区和CK高,而优势集中性指数较化学药剂防治区和CK低.生物防治各小区的各项指数随时间的波动性明显较化学防治区和CK的小,两种天敌昆虫防治的高梯度小区较低梯度的波动性稍小,联合防治小区较单一天敌防治小区的波动小.可见,利用豚草天敌昆虫豚草卷蛾和广聚萤叶甲防治豚草对生态系统的节肢动物多样性具有明显的改善作用.本研究结果进一步证实了可利用天敌昆虫豚草卷蛾和广聚萤叶甲防治豚草来恢复豚草发生区的生态系统,生态学意义深远.Common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., is a noxious weed occurring worldwide, and is an invasive weed species in China. It destroys the diversity of not only plant populations, but also aboveground arthropods. Several different measures have been implemented for controlling the propagation of A. artemisiifolia and the subsequent damage. Of these, biological control is a highly efficient, safe, and economical approach. Therefore, in the present study, the diversity of aboveground arthropods under biological control（Ophraella communa Epiblem astrenuan） and chemical control（Glufosianate） was compared, and diversity index, richness index, dominant concentration index, and evenness index were evaluated. Eight surveys were conducted in 70 experimental plots during the growth season of A. artemisiifolia, and 16838 arthropod specimens from 2 classes, 13 orders, and 86 families were collected. Collembola, Araneae, Hymenoptera, and Homoptera were the dominant groups; individuals belonging to Collembola were the most abundant, which accounted for 35.7% of the total number of individuals. When different control measures were compared, the diversity index, richness index, and evenness index were found to be significantly higher in the biological control（O. communa E. astrenuan） plots than in the chemical control plots and control（CK） plots, but dominant concentration index was significantly lower in biological control plots than in the chemical control plots and CK plots. More significant changes in different indices were observed in biological control plots than in chemical control and CK plots. Fluctuations in different indices were smaller under high-density treatments than under low-density treatments with the two biological control agents（O. communa E. astrenuan）; they were also smaller under coordinated biological control treatments with O. communa and E. astrenuan than under single biological control treatments. Our results suggest that biological control of A. artemisiifolia with O. communa E.

关 键 词：豚草 广聚萤叶甲 豚草卷蛾 农达 节肢动物 多样性 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]