无偿献血者自体储血认知及意愿的调查  

Investigation on the awareness of autologous blood salvage and willingness among volunteer blood donors in China

作　　者：黄菲[1,2] 吴昊[1] 黄小龙[1] 甘新宇[2] 于丽君[2] 马祥宇 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学西南医院医教部,重庆400038 [2]成都军区总医院输血科 [3]第三军医大学预防医学系

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2016年第4期410-413,共4页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

摘　　要：目的了解我国健康人对自体储血的认知与意愿以及影响健康人自体储血推广的因素。方法 2014年11-2015年3月随机抽取1 000名健康人群,按照KAP理论自行设计调查表做问卷调查,调查内容包括对《献血法》及自体输血的知晓情况,是否具有参加自体储血意愿及动机,分析在健康人群中开展自体储血的影响因素。结果认知度调查发现,本组健康人群中知晓《献血法》者占62.71%(607/968),知晓自体输血知识者占43.39%(420/968),其中被调查者的职业、受教育程度及献血史对《献血法》和自体输血知晓情况有明显影响(P<0.01),年龄仅对《献血法》的认知度有影响(P<0.05)。意愿调查发现,本组愿意参加自体储血者的比例为90.08%(872/968),而不愿者仅占9.92%(96/968),其中性别、婚姻状况、职业、受教育程度因素及献血史对于自体储血意愿有影响(P<0.01)。动机调查发现,血液安全及对身体的影响对自身储血的意愿存在较大影响。其中,愿意参加自身储血人群的动机以"用血安全"[78.90%(758/872)]、"方便日后用血"[70.30%(613/872)]及"有助新陈代谢"[69.72%(608/872)]为主;不愿参加自身储血人群的动机以"恐惧怕痛"[87.50%(84/96)]、"损害健康"[78.13%(75/96)]等为主。结论健康人自身的认知能力和知识水平可能是推广影响自身储血开展的较重要的因素。Objective To understand the cognition,intention,attitude and motivation of the healthy populations in China,to analyze the factors that affect the operation and promotion of autologous blood salvage in China. Methods There were 1 000 healthy people who were required to participate in the questionnaire survey according to KAP theory from November 2014 to March 2015. The various factors affecting promotion autologous blood salvage were evaluated. Results The survey suggested that occupation and education level had an impact on the awareness regarding ＂Blood Transfusion Law＂and autologous blood transfusion,Among 1 000 healthy people,62. 71% were aware of＂blood donation law. ＂43. 39% were aware of autologous blood transfusion. Gender,age,marriage,occupation and education level had an impact on their perception of autologous blood transfusion. Blood safety and the impact of transfusion on the body equally contributed to their motivation to donate blood for self usage and storage. Among the healthy people,90. 08% were willing to donate,and 9. 92%were not willing to donate. Among those who wanted to donate,78. 90% attributed their motivation to blood safety,70. 3%attributed to convenient future usage,69. 72% attributed to improved metabolism. Among those who were unwilling to donate,87. 50% attributed to their fear of pain,and 78. 13% attributed to their perceived harm on health. Conclusion The cognitive ability and level of knowledge play an important role in the promotion of autologous blood salvage. Considering that auto-hemotransfusion can effectively relieve the shortage of blood and reduce the risks in blood transfusion,the government should take measures to raise awareness on autologous blood transfusion.

关 键 词：健康人 自体储血 自体输血 影响因素 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学] B849[医药卫生—临床医学]