麦棉套作模式下起垄种植对棉花生态因子及其生长发育的影响  

Effect of Ridge Culture on Ecological Factors and Development of Cotton in Cotton-wheat System

作　　者：王树林[1] 祁虹[1] 王燕[1] 张谦[1] 冯国艺[1] 林永增[1] 梁青龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院棉花研究所/农业部黄淮海半干旱区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2016年第6期25-29,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：科技部支撑计划项目(2013BAD05B00);国家棉花产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-18-21)

摘　　要：为探索麦棉套作模式下提高棉花霜前花率、促进棉花早发的措施,在麦棉套作模式下,设置了棉花预留行起垄与平作2种种植模式,以单作春棉为对照,研究了棉行土壤温度、水分与光照强度的变化规律以及棉花的生长发育及品质情况。结果表明:起垄能提高棉行光照强度,出苗期、二叶期的日平均光照强度较平作分别增加26.4、40.6 klx,5 cm深层土壤温度分别提高1.3、1.2℃,且可以调节棉行土壤水分含量以适应棉苗生长需求;起垄促进棉花早发,不同生育时期棉花的株高、真叶数、果枝数、单株铃数均高于平作,伏桃比例提高9.8个百分点,霜前花率提高8.3个百分点,籽棉产量提高15.0%,皮棉产量提高14.7%;起垄种植提升了棉花纤维品质,对断裂比强度、马克隆值、纺纱均匀性指数、整齐度指数均有不同程度的提高,但对纤维长度影响不大。可见,起垄种植是提高麦棉套作棉花霜前花率、促进棉花早发早熟的一项有效技术措施。In cotton-wheat system two treatments were designed including ritige culture and level culturecompared witli monoculture to explore measures that can increase rate of pre-frost lint early development,through investigating soil temperature and moisture in cotton rows,light distributionand cotton development traits. The results showed that ridge culture increased light intensity on cottonrows,in seedling stage and 2-leaves stage daily averaged light intensities were increased 40. 6 klx,soil temperatures in 5 cm depth layer were increased by 1.3 C and 1. 2 C respectively compared with level culture. And ridge culture could regulate soil moisture to meet cotton seedling ’ s requirement. Ridge culture promoted cotton development at early stage,and the fruit branches and bolls per plant were increased compared with level culture. The bols and the rate of pre-frost lint were increased by 9. 8 percentage points and 8. 3 percentage points,and the cotton yield and lint yield were increased by 15.0% and 14. 7% respectively. Ridge culture alsoimproved fiber quality,because fiber breaking tenacity, micronaire, spinning uniformity index, uniformity index were all increased except fiber length. Ridge culture was an effective measure to increase rate ofpre-frost lint and enhance cotton early development.

关 键 词：麦棉套作 起垄 光照强度 土壤温度 土壤水分 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]