我国草原生产的主要自然灾害  

The main natural disasters affecting grassland productivity in China

作　　者：李岚[1] 侯扶江[1] 

机构地区：[1]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2016年第5期981-989,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31172249);长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT13019);国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD13B05;2011BAD17B02-03);公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助(201403071-6);"973"课题(2014CB138706)

摘　　要：草地是主要的陆地生态系统组成之一。中国是位居世界第二的草地资源大国,但近50年来,草原灾害频繁发生。草原灾害不仅影响牧草品质和产量,而且对牲畜也造成严重影响。牲畜作为动物生产层的重要组成部分,关系到生态系统的活力以及生产效益的高低。目前草地农业生态系统在整个生物圈中已经承受着最底层的压力。本文对草原雪灾、暴风灾害、生物灾害(包括鼠害、虫害)、旱灾的产生原因、分布区域、发生频率、趋势进行分析总结。通过借鉴国外草原灾害发生的应对策略,结合我国国情,提出相关的政策建议。Grassland is the main composition of the terrestrial ecosystem.China is the second largest country with grassland resources in the world.However,grassland disasters occurred frequently within the last fifty years,which not only affected forage quality and yield,but also had a serious impact on livestock.Livestock,as an important part of the animal production level,is related to the vigor and production efficiency of the whole ecosystem.Currently,grassland agricultural ecosystem has been suffering from the deepest pressure throughout the biosphere.The paper analyzes the causes,distribution area,frequency of occurrence and development trend of four typical disasters in grassland including snow storms,cyclones,biological disasters（including rats,insects）and drought.Then,policy suggestions are recommended after drawing lessons from international grassland disaster strategies in combination with China＇s national conditions.

关 键 词：草原灾害 雪灾 暴风 鼠害 虫害 旱灾 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]