可抵消重力变形的横梁导轨面曲面设计  

The Design Method of the Guideways' Surfaces of the Beam to Eliminate the Gravity Deformation

作　　者：胡敏[1] 马军旭[1] 金涛[1] 赵万华[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学机械制造系统工程国家重点实验室,西安710049

出　　处：《组合机床与自动化加工技术》2016年第5期51-54,共4页Modular Machine Tool & Automatic Manufacturing Technique

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51235009);国家"高档数控机床与基础制造装备"科技重大专项(2011ZX04016-101)

摘　　要：机床的横梁在前端运动部件的重力及倾覆力矩的影响下,很难保证横梁导轨所在轴轴线运动的直线度误差和角度偏差满足工艺规定的要求。在实际装配时通过多次刮研导轨面来保证横梁轴轴线运动的几何精度满足工艺规定的要求,装配效率低下,而横梁导轨所在轴最终的几何精度也不高。文中在考虑前端运动部件移动的情况下,利用有限元仿真方法得到了前端移动部件在横梁上各位置处横梁导轨面的变形,并采用反变形原理,对机床的横梁导轨安装面与靠面进行设计,将导轨安装面与靠面加工成微圆弧形式,可以抵消横梁以及前端运动部件引起的重力变形对横梁导轨所在轴的几何精度的影响,从而显著提高机床的装配效率,提高横梁导轨所在轴的几何精度。The straightness errors and angular deviations of the beam-associated axis motion are difficult to be guaranteed because of the gravity and overturning moment of the moving parts. In the actual assembly process, these kinds of accuracy are guaranteed by multiple scraping. However, the assembly efficiency is low, and the final geometric accuracy of the beam-associated axis motion is not high. Considering the variation of the gravity center of the moving parts, this paper presented a design method of the guideways＇ surfaces of the beam. With this method, the deformations of the guideways are calculated by finite element method （FEM）, and the surfaces of the guideways are designed via the anti-deformation theory. The surfaces of the guideways are finally designed as micro arc form. In this way, the assembly efficiency and the geometric accuracy of the beam-associated axis motion can be significantly improved by this method.

关 键 词：重力变形 导轨面 反变形 微圆弧 

分 类 号：TH162[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG65[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]