季铵盐类化合物环境问题研究进展  

Related Environmental Problems and Research Progresses of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)

作　　者：向垒[1] 孙腾飞[1] 莫测辉[1] 李彦文[1] 蔡全英[1] 李慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学环境学院广东省环境污染控制与修复材料工程中心,广州510632

出　　处：《化学进展》2016年第5期727-736,共10页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.U1501233;41301337)资助~~

摘　　要：季铵盐类化合物(quaternary ammonium compounds,QACs)是一类广泛使用的阳离子表面活性剂,在环境介质(水、沉积物、污泥等)中普遍存在,尤其在污泥/沉积物中其浓度可达数百甚至上千mg/kg水平。QACs具有高表面活性和中/高毒性,低浓度下即对鱼类、藻类、细菌和无脊椎动物等产生毒害作用,并显著影响与其共存污染物的迁移性和生物有效性,其环境问题已经引起发达国家广泛关注,但在我国研究尚未成熟。因此,本文综述了QACs在环境介质中的来源、分析方法、污染现状、环境行为及毒性效应,并讨论了目前研究存在的问题,以期为我国开展QACs环境问题的研究提供参考。Quaternary ammonium compounds（ QACs） used as cationic surfactants have been ubiquitously detected in water,sediment,sludge,etc. QACs residue can be examined highly at several hundreds or even thousands of mg/kg（ dry weight,dw） in sludge particularly. Because of their high surface activity and moderate-high toxicity,QACs can cause toxic effects on fish,aglae,bacteria,daphnids,etc. at relatively lowconcentrations. Furthermore,QACs significantly influence the bioavailability and mobility of the other coexisting pollutants in environment. The environmental problems of QACs have attracted a great attention in devoloped countries,however,little literature is available in China. Therefore,this paper reviews the pollution source,analytical methods,pollution status,fates and toxic effects of QACs in environment. The currently existing problems and trends are also discussed. We hope that this reviewwill provide valuable reference for the enviromental researches on QACs in China.

关 键 词：季铵盐类化合物 环境问题 分析方法 毒性效应 

分 类 号：TQ423[化学工程]