19世纪后期英国煤矿矿难与应对  

On Accidents and Countermeasures of the British Collieries in Late 19^(th) Century

作　　者：刘晓[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2016年第2期70-78,共9页Economic and Social History Review

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金项目“英国工业革命时期煤炭工业的发展及其安全生产机制研究”(13YJA770044)的资助

摘　　要：19世纪英国煤矿业取得令人瞩目的发展,但矿难问题也很严重。英国煤矿死亡人数一度成倍增加,煤矿业变得更加危险。但与煤炭产量以及就业人数相比,英国煤矿死亡率从19世纪50年代开始出现连续降低的趋势。这是由于此时煤矿人士从安全教育、矿井气压、煤炭市场等新的视角对事故成因进行解读;在矿道支撑、卷扬、瓦斯检测、通风等方面,新技术不断投入使用;议会的一系列立法也为煤矿安全生产保驾护航。这些是19世纪后期英国应对矿难的主要措施,也是煤矿业取得巨大进步的重要推动力。The British coal industry has made a remarkable advance, but experienced severe accidents as well during the late 19^(th) century. The mortality in collieries increased and this occupation became more dangerous at that time. However, if we change the point of view and compare the number of deaths with that of coal production and colliers, it shows a continuous decrease of mortality in collieries since the late 19^(th) century. It was because some experts who had paid a close attention to coal pit reasoned these accidents from different angle, such as education, atmospheric pressure, market and so on. New techniques were put into use constantly in propping, winding, gas detection, and ventilation. The parliament also promulgated a series of laws in coal mining. These are the main driving forces behind the relative improvement in collieries.

关 键 词：19世纪后期 英国 煤矿业 煤矿矿难 煤矿安全 

分 类 号：TD771[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]