The Estimation of Cultivated Land Threshold Value in Hotan Oasis  

新疆和田绿洲耕地阈值预估（英文）

作　　者：杨依天[1,2] 杨佳禾 魏胜利[4] 

机构地区：[1]河北民族师范学院,河北承德067000 [2]中南民族大学,湖北武汉430074 [3]四川师范大学,四川成都610068 [4]承德市第七中学,河北承德067200

出　　处：《Agricultural Science & Technology》2016年第5期1161-1165,共5页农业科学与技术（英文版）

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划,2010CB955905);承德市财政局扶持项目(CZ2013004)~~

摘　　要：[Objective] Water shortage is a key natural factor limiting arid economic development and ecological security.However,the large-scale land reclamation against natural laws has been speeding up water consumption,and the ecological water use which is the primary condition for maintaining ecological security was squeezed.Moreover,the fragile oasis ecosystem would be destroyed dramatically.In order to maintain ecological security,it is urgent to evaluate the threshold value of cultivated land.[Method] The method of water-soil balance was used to evaluate the threshold value of cultivated-land on the premise of allocating downstream ecological water demand.[Result] Under the frequency of 75%（P =75 for short） in Hotan River,the threshold value of cultivated-land in Hotan Oasis would be 13.83×10^4,16.78×10^4and 16.50×10^4hm^2in 2010,2020 and 2030 respectively.Under the frequency of 50%（P=50 for short）,the threshold value of cultivated land in Hotan Oasis would be 14.95 ×10^4,18.08 ×10^4and 17.78 ×10^4hm^2in 2010,2020 and 2030 respectively.If effective measures are not taken to control cultivated-land expansion,the cultivated land area will be 2.78×10^4and 5.07×10^4hm^2more than the threshold values of cultivated land at P =75 in 2020 and 2030 respectively.Even if the efficient water-saving technique are adopted,the water requirement of crop use will increase from 19.77×108to 20.82×108and 21.95×108m3during 2010-2030,and then the ecological water use cannot be guaranteed.[Conclusion] The cultivated-land expansion would threaten the ecological security in Hotan River and Tarim River.Therefore,some strict measures should be taken to protect desert-oasis ecotone,an important constituent of oasis ecosystem which has vital role in maintaining the stability of oasis,and to prohibit cultivated-land expansion.[目的]在西北干旱区,因开垦耕地,绿洲不断扩张,挤占了生态用水,引起一系列生态与环境问题。以和田绿洲为例,用定量方法计算耕地面积阈值,可为当地水土资源开发及生态保护提供理论依据。[方法]水土平衡法。[结果]结果表明,P=75%时,2010、2020、2030年和田绿洲的耕地面积阈值分别为13.83×104、16.78×104、16.50×104hm^2;P=50%时,2010、2020、2030年和田绿洲的耕地面积阈值分别为14.95×104、18.08×104、17.78×104hm^2。如果不采取有效措施控制耕地扩张,2020、2030年耕地面积将分别超过P=75%时耕地面积阈值2.78×104hm^2、5.07×104hm^2。即使采取高效节水技术,2020年及2030年种植业需水量将由2010年的19.77×108m^3增加到20.82×108、21.95×108m^3,生态需水量及入塔里木河水量将无法得到保证,这必将危及和田河流域,甚至塔里木河流域的生态系统安全与稳定。[结论]耕地超过耕地阈值时,不仅危及和田绿洲的生态安全,同时因耕地扩张加大水资源消耗,和田河汇入塔里木河水量减少,威胁着塔里木河生态与环境安全。为此建议制定严格措施,加强干旱区绿洲-荒漠过渡带的保护,严禁以各种名义的开荒。

关 键 词：Cultivated land threshold Water-soil balance Hotan Oasis 

分 类 号：F323.21[经济管理—产业经济]