杂交组合同异评估法在大豆高产、优质育种中的应用  

Application of Similarity-difference Evaluation in Hybrid Combination of Soybean Breeding of High Yield and Good Quality

作　　者：张楷歆 王铎[1] 吴晗[1] 姚丹[1] 王丕武[1] 牟金明[1] 陈长卿[1] 张君[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学农学院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《大豆科学》2016年第3期360-366,共7页Soybean Science

基　　金：吉林省省级粮食生产发展专项(2015001)

摘　　要：采用杂交组合同异评估方法,对2013-2014年度吉林农业大学的20个大豆杂交组合进行了以产量、脂肪和蛋白质为主要育种目标的分析,以期高效地筛选出符合育种目标的优秀杂交组合,提高育种效率。结果表明:以产量为主要育种目标时,表现优良的一等组合有ARIRA×吉林38、吉林38×ARIRA、ARIRA×意3、EXP×ARIRA、吉林38×吉林47、意3×吉林47,表现较好的二等组合有意3×ARIRA、ARIRA×EXP、吉林47×EXP、ARIRA×吉林47、意3×EXP、吉林38×意3,剩余的8个组合均表现一般,被评为三等组合;以脂肪为主要育种目标时,一等组合是ARIRA×吉林38、吉林38×ARIRA、ARIRA×意3、EXP×ARIRA、意3×ARIRA、ARIRA×EXP,二等组合是吉林38×吉林47、意3×吉林47、吉林47×EXP、ARIRA×吉林47、意3×EXP、吉林38×意3,其余8个为三等组合;以蛋白质为主要育种目标时,一等组合是ARIRA×吉林38、吉林38×ARIRA、ARIRA×意3、EXP×ARIRA、意3×ARIRA、ARIRA×EXP,二等组合是吉林38×吉林47、意3×吉林47、吉林47×EXP、ARIRA×吉林47、意3×EXP、吉林38×意3,其余8个为三等组合。在产量育种目标下,吉林47×EXP与EXP×吉林47、意3×吉林47与吉林47×意3、吉林38×意3与意3×吉林38和ARIRA×吉林38与吉林38×ARIRA这4对正反交组合的综合同一度差异较大;在脂肪和蛋白质育种目标下只有ARIRA×吉林38与吉林38×ARIRA这对正反交组合综合同一度差异较大。根据不同的育种目标,一等组合应该在下一年种植时扩大种植面积,二等组合应着重于去发现表现优秀的植株,而三等组合如果没有特殊的利用价值则无需再多加考量,可以淘汰。By the method of similarity-difference evaluation,20 hybrid combinations of soybean were analyzed with yield,fat and protein as breeding objectives. These hybrid combinations were planted in field at Jilin Agricultural University from 2013 to 2014,expecting to obtain the excellent hybrid combinations and improve the efficiency of breeding. The results showed that,when yield as the breeding target,the first-class combinations were ARIRA × Jilin 38,Jilin 38 × ARIRA,ARIRA × Yi 3,EXP × ARIRA,Jilin 38 × Jilin 47,Yi 3 × Jilin 47,the second-class combinations were Yi 3 × ARIRA,ARIRA × EXP,Jilin 47× EXP,ARIRA × Jilin 47,Yi 3 × EXP,Jilin 38 × Yi 3,the remaining 8 combinations were in general and rated as the thirdclass combinations. When fat as the breeding target,the first-class combinations included ARIRA × Jilin 38,Jilin 38 × ARIRA,ARIRA × Yi 3,EXP × ARIRA,Yi 3 × ARIRA,ARIRA × EXP,the second-class combinations included Jilin 38 × Jilin47,Yi 3 × Jilin 47,Jilin 47 × EXP,ARIRA × Jilin 47,Yi 3 × EXP,Jilin 38 × Yi 3,the remaining 8 combinations were rated as the third-class combinations. When protein as the breeding target,the first-class included ARIRA × Jilin 38,Jilin 38 ×ARIRA,ARIRA × Yi 3,EXP × ARIRA,Yi 3 × ARIRA,ARIRA × EXP,the second-class combinations included Jilin 38 × Jilin 47,Yi 3 × Jilin 47,Jilin 47 × EXP,ARIRA × Jilin 47,Yi 3 × EXP,Jilin 38 × Yi 3,the remaining 8 combinations were rated as the third-class combinations. When yield as the breeding target,the four pairs of reciprocal cross combinations which were Jilin 47 × EXP and EXP × Jilin 47,Yi 3 × Jilin 47 and Jilin 4 × Yi 3,Jilin 38 × Yi 3 and Yi 3 × Jilin 38,ARIRA × Jilin38 and Jilin 38 × ARIRA showed bigger difference on integrated identic degree. When fat and protein as the breeding target,only ARIRA × Jilin 38 and Jilin 38 × ARIRA,the one pair of reciprocal cross combination showed bigger difference on integrated identic degree. Based on the different breeding target,first-class combinations should be expand

关 键 词：大豆 杂交组合 同异评估 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]