大豆胞囊线虫主要寄生真菌对大豆耕作系统的响应  

Response of Major Parasitic Fungi of Soybean Cyst Nematode on Different Cultivation Systems

作　　者：宋洁[1,2] 许艳丽[1,2] 姚钦[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学农学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所/黑土区农业生态院重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《大豆科学》2016年第3期461-467,共7页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30971900)

摘　　要：大豆长期连作以后,随着土壤中大豆胞囊线虫的增多,胞囊线虫天敌也在不断积累,逐步形成大豆胞囊线虫抑制性土壤。真菌作为主要因子,在抑制性土壤中发挥重要作用。为探讨大豆长期连作对大豆胞囊线虫寄生真菌的影响,以大豆22年定位试验区为研究对象,分离和鉴定了22年大豆连作、3年大豆连作和22年大豆轮作(小麦-玉米-大豆)土壤和土壤中大豆胞囊线虫不同虫态寄生真菌。结果表明:大豆经过22年连作后,厚垣轮枝菌(Verticillium chlamydosporia)和淡紫拟青霉(Paecilomyces lilacinus)分离数量高于3年连作和22年轮作,其中厚垣轮枝菌的数量最高,每克土中含有1.5×104株,胞囊、卵和J2上分别分离到14,18和8株,显著高于3年连作和轮作。研究结果证明了大豆经过长期连作后,土壤中积累了大豆胞囊线虫寄生真菌,而厚垣轮枝菌可能是抑制性土壤中的主要寄生真菌。With the long-term monoculture of soyean,the cysts increased,and then the antagonists would accumulated. Fungi played an important role in soybean cyst nematode suppressive soil. The effect of soybean long-term monoculture on parasitic fungi of soybean cyst nematode was examined. Under soybean monoculture and rotation cropping（ wheat / corn / soybean） for 22 years respectively,and soybean monoculture for 3 years,the parasitic fungi were isolated and identified in soil and soybean cyst nematode. The results indicated that when compared with rotation cropping for 22 years and soybean monoculture for 3years,the percentage of Verticillium chlamydosporia and Verticillium chlamydosporia were higher in soybean monoculture for 22 years,and the percentage of Verticillium chlamydosporia was the highest. The amount of Verticillium chlamydosporia was 1. 5× 104 in soil,and the amount of the fungus was 14,18 and 8 on cyst,egg and J2,respectively. It demonstrated that the parasitic fungi accumulated after soybean long-term monoculture,and Verticillium chlamydosporia might be main parasitic fungi in soybean cyst nematode suppressive soil.

关 键 词：连作 大豆胞囊线虫 抑制性土壤 寄生真菌 

分 类 号：S435.651[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]