《巴黎协定》适应和损失损害内容的解读和对策  

Interpretation of Adaptation and Loss and Damage Elements in Paris Agreement and Possible Solution for China

作　　者：陈敏鹏[1,2] 张宇丞 李波[4] 李玉娥[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学研究院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]农业部农业环境重点实验室,北京100081 [3]国家发展和改革委员会应对气候变化司,北京100824 [4]农业部科技教育司,北京100125

出　　处：《气候变化研究进展》2016年第3期251-257,共7页Climate Change Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2012CB955904);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC20B04);国家应对气候变化专项经费研究项目(201520);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(BSRF201603;BSRF201311);中国农业科学院创新工程

摘　　要：《巴黎协定》基本照顾了各缔约方的核心关切,坚持了《联合国气候变化框架公约》(以下简称《公约》)的原则,基本体现了发达国家和发展中国家的区分。在适应部分,《巴黎协定》设立了与全球温升目标相联系的全球适应目标,明确了对发展中国家的适应支持,并确定了具有一定法律约束力的全球适应信息通报和5年周期的全球盘点。在损失损害部分,《巴黎协定》锁定了《公约》下的华沙损失损害国际机制,并基本确定了一个各国通过可持续发展和国际合作共同解决损失损害问题的框架。但是,《巴黎协定》仍然没有解决很多技术性问题和缔约方之间关键性和实质性的分歧。中国作为发展中大国将继续在适应和损失损害问题中面临着出资压力,应通过增强国内适应行动、强化适应和损失损害相关研究和高效利用气候变化南南合作基金3个方面,为谈判争取主动并为推动全球适应气候变化减少损失损害做出贡献。Paris Agreement,as comprises of all Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Chang（UNFCCC）,succeeded in addressing all the main concerns of each Party.The Agreement was guided by the principles of the UNFCCC and presented the bifurcated differentiation between developed countries and developing countries.The Article 7 in Paris Agreement established a global adaptation goal in the context of global temperature goal,decided that developed country Parties continue their obligations for supporting developing country Parties to enhance adaptation actions,and requested all Parties to submit and update periodically an adaptation communication.The Article 14 structured a global stocktake of adaptation in conjunction with mitigation and finance with a cycle of 5 years.The Article 8 anchored Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts and formulated a framework for all Parties to address loss and damage on a cooperative and facilitative basis.However,Paris Agreement has reserved differences on a lot of technical and key issues.China,as a large emerging developing country,will have to encounter continuous political pressure with regard to adaptation finance and loss and damage.China should enhance domestic adaptation actions,strengthen relevant researches and use South-South Climate Fund effectively,so as to react positively to the pressures and to promote global adaptation and addressing loss and damage.

关 键 词：巴黎协定 适应 损失损害 应对措施 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]