几种计算渠道渗漏损失的经验公式比较  

Comparison of empirical formulas for calculating canal seepage loss

作　　者：肖雪[1,2] 王修贵[1] 谭丹 王兵 巴乾 白雪[6] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]长江科学院水资源所,湖北武汉430010 [3]中工武大设计研究有限公司,湖北武汉430074 [4]新疆伊犁自治州水利局,新疆伊犁835000 [5]新疆伊犁自治州喀什河流域管理处,新疆伊犁835000 [6]新疆水利水电勘测设计研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（工学版）》2016年第3期365-371,共7页Engineering Journal of Wuhan University

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(编号:2012BAD08B03);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51379153)

摘　　要：灌溉渠道渗漏损失的确定对于正确计算灌溉水利用系数具有重要的作用.分析影响渠道渗漏损失的主要因素,对几种常见的计算渠道渗漏损失的经验公式进行分析,并以新疆伊犁喀什河下游灌区内的典型渠道为实例分别利用各类经验公式计算渠道渗漏量.结果表明:几种经验公式和理论公式均可转换为相同的形式,通用形式反映了渠道断面形式和水力特性、土壤因素对渠道渗漏的影响.实例研究表明,经验公式的转换形式与理论公式中的流量或水深指数越接近,其计算精度越高;其中莫里兹公式和考斯加可夫公式的计算精度较高,而Ingham公式和Molesworth公式的计算精度较低;考斯加可夫公式形式最为简单,计算时要求渠道资料较少,且计算精度高,因此优先推荐使用.The estimation of the leakage loss of the irrigation canal plays an important role in calculating the utilization coefficient of irrigation water accurately. On the basis of analyzing the main factors influencing the canal seepage loss, several empirical formulas for calculating the canal seepage loss are compared. Then, taking the typical canal in the irrigation area in the lower reaches of Kashi River in Yili Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Autonomous Region for example, seepage losses are calculated by various empirical formulas respectively. The results show that these empirical formulas and the theoretical formula can be converted into the same form, which reflects the influence of the canal section form, hydraulic characteristics and soil factors on the canal seepage. In addition, the closer the index in the converted form of empirical formula is to that of theoretical formula, the higher accuracy will be. The empirical formulas of Moritzs and Kostiakov have higher calculation accuracy; while the formulas of Ingham and Molesworth have lower calculation accuracy. Because of the Kostiakov formula with simple form, few data needed and high accuracy, it is preferably recommended to use in the irrigation area.

关 键 词：渠道渗漏损失 影响因素 经验公式 理论公式 实例计算 

分 类 号：TV223.4[水利工程—水工结构工程]