西藏草场产权改革的意外后果:发展抑或停滞  

Property Right Reform——Tibet Pasture and the Policy Trend

作　　者：李继刚[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学国际商学院,陕西西安710062 [2]西藏民族大学财经学院,陕西咸阳712082

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第3期44-50,共7页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：2012年国家社会科学基金项目"西藏乡村治理与农牧区反贫困研究"(12CJY056)

摘　　要：西藏自治区拥有约12.3亿亩天然草场,但草场资源退化严重。在维护草场产权费用不经济的情况下,农牧区易陷入"互相侵犯的陷阱",农牧民往往采取某种传统和习俗来解决纠纷,造成国家法律与农牧区惯例的相互冲突,草场秩序出现混乱。同时,由于家庭人口增加与草场继承造成草场细碎化明显,降低了农牧民应对自然风险的能力。而不健全的配套制度成为草场治理的最大难题,畜牧业大户对小户产权的侵占,加重了农牧区的贫困化。基于此,应积极探索草场使用制度改革,保护好草场生态,使草场作为生产资料能够保值增值;同时应引导牧民流出牧业,从事非牧业活动。只有解决了这些与草场相关的问题,才有可能在广大的牧区实现反贫困的目标。Though there is 12. 3 billion mu native pasture in Tibet,pasture resources degenerates seriously and are related to the pasture value enhancement. We fail to build the relevant systems at the same time. Under the circumstance of maintaining pasture property expenses economically,agriculture and pastoral areas are easy to get into the traps of infringing one another. Farmers and herdsmen often follow traditional and customary practice to settle the dispute,resulting in the conflict between national laws and the practice of agricultural and pastoral areas. Therefore,pasture areas become disordered with the increase in the number of families and fragmentation of pastures. The ability of farmers and herdsmen to cope with natural risks are reduced. Imperfect matching system has become the biggest problem in pasture management,and the infringement of property right of the small families by the big ones exacerbate the poverty situation in the agricultural and pastoral areas. In recognition of this fact,weshould explore pasture utilization system reform to protect pasture ecology and to preserve or increase the value of pastures for better production. Meanwhile,we should guide herdsmen to do some other work besides raising stocks. Only after we have resolved the problems related to pasture,can we achieve the poverty alleviation goal in the vast pastoral areas.

关 键 词：西藏自治区 草场资源 草场退化 产权改革 草场承包制 生态治理 畜牧业 农牧民贫困 

分 类 号：F323.212[经济管理—产业经济]