庙岛群岛南部海域海水和表层沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险评价  

Spatial Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Seawater and in Surface Sediments of Southern Miaodao Archipelago

作　　者：徐艳东[1,2] 王茂剑 马建新 魏潇 冯银银 朱金龙 杜逢超 

机构地区：[1]山东省海洋资源与环境研究院山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室,山东烟台264006 [2]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2016年第2期30-39,共10页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：国家海洋公益性行业专项经费项目(201105006;201205001);山东省软科学研究计划项目(2014RKB12003)资助

摘　　要：基于2014年4月庙岛群岛南部海域的调查资料,综合运用单因子指数法、地质累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法3种方法,研究了海水和表层沉积物重金属元素的含量分布特征,并对重金属元素进行了污染评价和生态风险分析。结果表明:调查海域海水中Zn、Hg、Cu和Cd均符合第一类或第二类海水水质标准,15%站位的Pb超第二类海水水质标准;表层沉积物中7种重金属均符合第一类沉积物质量标准,沉积物质量良好;地质累积指数评价结果表明沉积物中重金属污染程度由高到低为Zn>As>Pb>Cr>Cu>Cd>Hg,Hg均处于清洁状态,As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Cd均有部分站位呈轻度污染状态;潜在生态风险指数表明沉积物中重金属综合潜在生态风险程度为中,7种重金属潜在生态风险由高到低为Cd>Hg>As>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr,Cd和Hg为调查海域沉积物重金属主要潜在生态风险因子;Pearson相关分析结果表明Zn、Cr、Hg、Cu、Pb、As之间呈显著相关(P<0.01),具有相似的来源特征。庙岛群岛南部海域重金属的来源主要包括黄河入海泥沙悬浮物输送、周边沿岸入海径流输入、港口码头船舶引入和大气沉降输入等。应加强对庙岛群岛南部海域海水中Pb及表层沉积物中Cd和Hg的监测,重点关注沉积物中Cd和Hg相对高值区的潜在生态风险。Integration of three different assessment approaches, single factor index （SFI）, index of geo- accumulation （Igeo）, and Hakanson＇s potential ecological risk index （ER）, were adopted to analyze and assess spatial distribution, contamination and potential ecological risk of heavy metals （Zn, Cr, Hg, Cu, Cd, Pb and As） in seawater and surface sediment of southern Miaodao Archipelago in April, 2014. The results showed that content of four heavy metals （i. e. , Zn, Hg, Cu and Cd） in studied areas, re- spectively, attained the quality standard of Grade I or Grade II seawater, whereas Pb content at 3 of 20 sampling sites exceeded the standards for Grade II seawater by referring to Seawater Quality Standard of China （GB 3097-1997）. Since the content of seven heavy metals attained the quality standards for Grade I marine sediment by referringto Marine Sediment Quality of China （GB 18668-2002）, the stud- ied area was at rather good state of sedimentation. Assessment results of Igco of surface sediment re- vealed that the contamination severity of heavy metals descended in order of Zn2〉As〉Pb〉Cr〉Cu〉Cd 〉Hg. All sampling sites were uncontaminated by Hg （clean） while some sites were mildly contamina- ted by As, Pb, Cr, Cu or Cd （mild）. The comprehensive potential ecological risk of heavy metals was moderate in surface sediment of southern Miaodao Archipelago, descending in order of Cd〉Hg〉As〉 Pb〉Cu〉Zn〉Cr, and cadmium and mercury were determined as the principal ecological risk factors. Pearson correlation coefficients suggested that six heavy metals （i. e. , Zn, Cr, Hg, Cu, Pb and As） were significantly correlated with each other （P〈0.01） as a result of their common or similar sources. Heavy metal pollutants of the studied area mainly came from suspension of sediment flux from Yellow River, peripheral and coastal runoff emptying, harbor and dock vessels, and atmospheric deposition a- mong others. In conclusion, we ought to take measures on close monitoring a

关 键 词：重金属 沉积物 生态风险评价 庙岛群岛 相关性分析 

分 类 号：X822[环境科学与工程—环境工程]