芽孢杆菌水体泼洒对刺参体内外细菌群落结构的影响  

Effects of Bacillus Cereus(BC-01)on Microbial Community Structure in the Water and Sea Cucumber'S(Apostichopus Japonicus)Gut

作　　者：王文君[1] 阳钢[1] 田相利[1] 王军[1] 闫法军[1] 董双林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2016年第2期59-71,共13页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD13B03);山东省杰出青年基金项目(JQ201009);青岛市关键攻关计划项目(12-6-1-6-hy)资助

摘　　要：研究了泼洒蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)BC-01对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长的影响,并应用PCR-DGGE技术分析了养殖水体和肠道细菌群落结构的变化。芽孢杆菌的泼洒浓度分别为106、108和1010cfu/m3(分别命名为BC6、BC8和BC10),每7d全量换水1次,以未泼洒芽孢杆菌处理为对照组2(CT2)。另外设置每隔3d全量换水1次的未泼洒芽孢杆菌处理作为对照组1(CT1)。8周的养殖实验表明,BC6处理组刺参的末体重显著高于2个对照组(P<0.05),BC8和BC10处理组刺参的末体重显著高于对照组CT1(P<0.05)。而BC6和BC8处理组的刺参特定生长率均显著高于CT1和CT2处理组(P<0.05)。研究发现,刺参养殖水体中的优势菌群归属于α-变形菌纲(α-Proteobacteria)、γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)、δ-变形菌纲(δ-Proteobacteria)、黄杆菌纲(Flavobacteria)、拟杆菌纲(Bacteroidetes)和疣微菌纲(Verrucomicrobiae),各处理水体中细菌群落结构明显不同,蜡样芽孢杆菌未能在养殖水体中形成优势菌群。刺参肠道内含物中优势菌群归属于α-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲、ε-变形菌纲、黄杆菌纲、拟杆菌纲和芽孢杆菌纲,以BC8和BC10处理组之间的相似度最高。芽孢杆菌纲(Bacilli)细菌在3个处理组刺参肠道内含物中成为优势菌群,并在BC6处理组成为第一优势菌群,而相对于CT2对照组,拟杆菌纲细菌相对丰度在3个处理组中显著下降。刺参肠道固定菌群的优势菌群归属于α-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲、黄杆菌纲和芽孢杆菌纲,相对于对照组CT1和CT2,3个处理组刺参肠道γ-变形菌纲的相对含量明显下降。相对于对照CT2,BC6和BC8处理组中芽孢杆菌成为第一优势菌群。黄杆菌纲细菌比例随芽孢杆菌添加量的增加而升高。本研究表明,水体中泼洒该芽孢杆菌制剂对水体和刺参肠道菌群结构均具有显著影响,在适宜的泼洒浓度下可以有效提高刺参的生长速度。An 8-week trial was conducted to study effects of Bacillus cereus （BC-01）on the growth of sea cucumber （Apostichopus japonicus） and microbial community structure in the waterand sea cucumber＇s intestinal and function of the microbial community in intestinal by PCR-DGGE. The B. cereus was ap- plied into the water with the doses of 10^6, 10^8 and 10^10cfu/m3 every 7-day after water exchange （BC6, BC8 and BC10, respectively）. The water in each treatment was exchanged every 7-day, and those with- out the B. cereus were as the controls, in which the water was exchanged every 3-day （CT1） and 7-day （CT2）, respectively. The results showed that the final weight of sea cucumber in BC6 was significantly higher than those in two controls （P〈0.05）, and that in BC8 and BC10 were significantly higher than those in CT1 （P〈0.05）. The specific growth rates of sea cucumber in BC6 and BC8 were significantly higher than those in two controls （P〈0. 05）. It showed in the study that α-Proteobacteria, γ-Pro- teobacteria, δ-Proteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobiae were dominant in the water, while Bacilli did not form dominant flora. The microbial community structures were significant difference among all the treatment groups. In the gut contents of sea cucumber, the dominant floras were α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria, ε-Proteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Bacilli, and the microbial community structure was highest similarity between BC8 and BC10. For long-term use of B. cereus, Bacilli formed dominant flora in sea cucumber gut and was the first dominant flora in the BC6 treatment group, meanwhile the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in three BC treatment groups was significantly lower than CT1. The dominant floras of lautochthonous in the sea cucumbers intestine were α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria, Flavobacteria and Bacilli. In the three BC treatment groups, the relative abundance of γ-Proteobacteria significantly decreased against two contro

关 键 词：蜡样芽孢杆菌 刺参 细菌群落结构 PCR-DGGE 

分 类 号：S968.9[农业科学—水产养殖] Q938.8[农业科学—水产科学]