2009—2013年中国西方蜜蜂蜂群损失情况调查分析  

Mortality in Apis mellifera L. colonies in China from 2009 to 2013

作　　者：刘之光[1,2,3] 陈超[1] 郭海坤[1] 吕丽萍[1] 石巍[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所,北京100093 [2]农业部授粉昆虫生物学重点开发实验室,北京100093 [3]全国畜牧总站,北京100125

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第10期3005-3012,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系-蜂产业技术体系(CARS-45);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2015-IAR);中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所基本科研业务费专项(2013ymf-mf-3)

摘　　要：近年,欧洲和北美地区相继出现蜜蜂蜂群崩溃(Colony Collapse Disorder,CCD)现象,蜂业科学家在世界范围内开展蜜蜂蜂群损失情况调查与分析。基于此,探讨近4年我国主要西方蜜蜂饲养省份蜂群损失情况,并对损失量、损失原因进行分析。研究采用欧盟政府间合作框架(COST)下项目—Co Loss(Prevention of honey bee COlony LOSSes)项目组提供的国际统一的标准调查表格,利用R语言在RStudio环境下开展全部的统计分析工作,采用广义线性混合模型分析调查数据的相关性及因变量为非正态分布的非独立数据。调查我国12个主要西方蜜蜂饲养省份的蜂群越冬死亡损失情况。2009—2013年蜂群平均损失率为8.9%,损失比例同比低于欧洲和北美国家和地区的蜂群损失率,在可接受范围内。利用广义线性混合模型分析,显著影响蜜蜂蜂群损失的因素有:巢脾使用时间及蜂王因素。我国蜂群损失率较低,大部分损失症状不属于CCD。CCD现象在我国尚未确认发生。加强蜂螨及其他病害的防治工作,增加更新巢脾频率,监控蜂王在蜂群中的表现及增加换王次数等可以有效控制蜂群越冬损失率。结果对明确我国蜂群是否受蜜蜂蜂群崩溃症状现象影响提出了明确的解释,对蜂群损失的防控提供重要的指导建议。In recent years,large-scale losses of honeybee（ Apis mellifera） colonies have taken place in Europe and North America. Apiculture scientists have organized a Co Loss Network to investigate and explain these losses. This article presents survey results and analyses of honeybee（ Apis mellifera L.） colony mortality from 2009 to 2013 in 12 provinces in China,analyses of the proportions of colony mortality,and their possible causes. Standard questionnaires were used in this survey,as supplied by Co Loss,and financial support was provided by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology（ COST）. All statistical analyses were performed using R statistical software. A generalized linear mixed effects model（ GLMM） was used to analyze potential risk factors. In total,more than 5300 beekeepers responded to the survey. This included less than half of the Apis cerana survey data set. A total of 3742 apiaries,which were part of the valuable Apis mellifera dataset that contains 520653 colonies,were also statistically analyzed in this paper. Average mortality over the winters of 2009—2013 was estimated to be 8. 9%. The loss（ 12%） during the winter of 2011—2012 was higher than inother years. This level of mortality was considered acceptable by beekeepers and apiculture scientists. There was substantial variation in total loss by province（ range 2.3% —19%）. Xinjiang Province and Henan Province differed significantly from other provinces in their average loss. Average loss also differed significantly by type of operation,such as commercial,parttime,and sideline operations,although part-time and sideline operations did not differ significantly from each other during most surveyed years. Xinjiang Province and Henan Province have large numbers of commercial beekeeping operations.Province and operational data were calculated collectively,and the results supported the hypothesis that commercial beekeeping operations caused frequent honeybee queen failure and fostered the spread of other diseases,confirm

关 键 词：西方蜜蜂 蜂群损失率 蜜蜂蜂群崩溃症状 中国 

分 类 号：S895[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]