城市居民行为与生态社区建设研究  

Research review of urban dwellers' behaviors and progress in building ecological communities

作　　者：张倩[1,2] 邓祥征[1,2] 周青[1,2,3] 姚丽娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院农业政策研究中心,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第10期3013-3020,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71533004;71225005)

摘　　要：简评了城市居民行为与社区生态环境的关系及其对生态社区建设的启示,归纳了相关研究的进展及存在的问题,并提出下一步研究方向。研究发现,当前城市居民行为对生态环境的胁迫及社区环境对居民行为的影响研究方法多样、内容分散,研究设计及其逻辑尚无系统完备的研究体系做支撑。此外,目前生态社区建设研究大多集中于新型生态社区的设计与开发,少有针对已有社区的生态化改造的分析,也没有充分针对不同城市社区类型及资源、能源、环境禀赋提出因地适宜的建设生态社区的建议。研究还发现,即使是针对新型生态化社区,在构建过程中也是重视生态社区的规划和生态基础设施的建设、忽视生态社区的后续管理,更是缺乏针对管理机制创新方面的探讨。另外,现有城市生态社区建设多重视单个具体指标的提升,轻视全面建设生态社区中的系统性思考,缺少具有普适性的生态社区评价指标体系及对指标间关联关系的考量与分析。现有社区物业管理信息化平台,大多包含了社区环境卫生管理,并没有从社区生态系统建设和保护的角度出发将社区物质能量代谢、碳氮循环、生态系统性管理理念纳入进来,更缺少实时、动态的面向社区居民的生态环境资产核算方面的计算、查询、规划等互动式交流。当前生态社区集成示范的可推广性与普适性有待进一步深入考察,即要保证示范具有可参考、可借鉴、可推广等实际应用价值,避免由于技术过于超前或成本太高而导致示范难有操作性。New-type urbanization and ecological civilization construction are two hot issues in China＇ s current social development processes. Means of integrating the concept and principals of ecological civilization into the process of urbanization are of great academic and practical significance. Exploring rational patterns of urban growth and urban dwellers＇ habitation and consumption behaviors under the guidance of ecological civilization construction principles are key points in achieving healthy,high quality,and sustainable urban development. The urban residential community is a complex symbiosis between humans and the environment,and also the fundamental operative unit used in ecological management.The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of existing studies on the relationship between urban dwellers＇ behaviors and the ecological environment of their residential communities,and the implications of this for building ecologicalcommunities. First,we review the concept and connotations of the terms ‘community＇and ‘ecological community＇. Next,we examine the characteristics of urban dwellers＇ behaviors and explore the interactions between urban dwellers＇ behaviors and the eco-environment of residential communities. We then investigate the issue of building ecological communities from the perspectives of management strategies and options,ecological infrastructure construction and individual demonstrations of ecological communities. Finally,we present the priorities for future research,based on a summary of both the progress and knowledge gaps in previous studies. Literature review results indicate that,while some multidisciplinary research approaches have been used,there is still a need for more comprehensive approaches in researching the bi-directional relationship between urban dwellers＇ behaviors and the eco-environment of residential communities. Many of the studies available in this field are without sufficient validation via systematic methods. Moreover,the majority of the current stu

关 键 词：居民行为 生态社区 社区生态管理 生态基础设施 集成示范 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程] C912.6[经济管理]