渤海网采浮游植物群集的季节变化  

Seasonal variation of netz-phytoplankton community in Bohai Sea

作　　者：杨阳[1,2] 孙军[1,2] 关翔宇[2] 翟惟东[3] 郭术津[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学天津市海洋资源与化学重点实验室,天津300457 [2]天津科技大学海洋与环境学院,天津300457 [3]国家海洋环境监测中心国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《海洋通报》2016年第2期121-131,共11页Marine Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41176136);教育部新世纪优秀人才计划(NCET-12-1065);天津市沿海赤潮及污染浮游指标物种研究(12JCZDJC30100)

摘　　要：研究了渤海2011年夏、冬季节和2012年春、秋季节共50个站位的网采浮游植物物种组成、群落结构特征及主要优势种与环境要素的关系。共鉴定浮游植物3门33属67种,其中硅藻和甲藻是渤海主要浮游植物类群,物种数分别占总物种数的80.6%和17.9%,金藻在部分站位出现,占总物种数的1.5%。物种数目以秋季最多,春冬季其次,夏季最少。优势种的组成有季节性差异,但差异并不大。具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcate)、圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus sp.)、格氏圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus granii)、星脐圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus asterompha)在全年都作为优势物种出现。对调查区浮游植物群落组成及甲藻硅藻比分析,2011年夏季渤海海域出现甲藻赤潮,赤潮种为夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)。典范对应分析结果表明,浮游植物在不同季节受不同影响因素控制。在春季受温度、盐度和营养盐的共同影响,夏季主要受硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和氨氮的影响,秋季主要受温度、盐度和磷酸盐影响。In this paper, features of netz-phytoplankton community structure are reported, using the data obtained during the comprehensive investigation at the 50 stations of Bohai Sea in spring（May, 2012）, summer（June, 2011）, autumn（ November, 2011） and winter（ December, 2012）. Totally 67 species of phytoplankton are found, which belong to 33 genera of 3 phyla. Diatom and dinoflagellate are the main phytoplankton groups, among which 80.6 % are diatom and 17.9 %are dinoflagellate. Chrysophyte is present in some stations, accounting for 1.5 % of the total. The species richness is highest in autumn, followed by spring and winter, and it is lowest in summer. The composition of dominant species shows seasonal variation, but not obvious. Paralia sulcate, Coscinodiscus sp., Coscinodiscus granii and Coscinodiscus asterompha are the dominate species in all year around. From the analysis of dinoflagellates to diatom ratio, red tide of dinoflagellates, which was caused by Noctilucascientillans, occurred in summer of 2011. Canonical correspondence analysis（ CCA） shows that phytoplankton in different seasons is controlled by different factors. Phytoplankton growth is affected by temperature, salinity and nutrients in spring, by nitrate, nitrite and ammonia in summer, and by phosphate, temperature and salinity in autumn.

关 键 词：渤海 季节 优势种 群落 典范对应分析 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]