柴达木地区滴灌水-盐-肥综合调控对枸杞生长和水肥利用的影响  

Effects of Water-Fertilizer-Salt Regulation under Drip Fertigation on Lycium Chinensis Growth and the Water and Fertilizer Efficiency in Qaidam Basin

作　　者：万书勤[1] 康跃虎[1] 刘士平[1] 孙甲霞[1] 卢健 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]水利部科技推广中心,北京100101

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2016年第5期37-41,47,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：青海省科技课题(2012-N-164-04);国家科技支撑计划课题"华北区枸杞高效生产技术研究与集成示范"(2012BAD06B01)

摘　　要：针对柴达木盆地枸杞生产对水-肥-盐综合管理的需求,布置了5个滴灌施肥灌溉比例(施肥量分别为当地枸杞施肥量的10%、30%、50%,70%、90%)的田间试验,试验通过控制滴头正下方20cm处的土壤基质势下限为-20kPa进行滴灌水盐调控和施肥灌溉。结果表明:在柴达木地区,当滴头正下方20cm深度土壤基质势控制在-20kPa以上时,滴灌施肥灌溉阶段土壤盐分会增加,但是土壤仍属于非盐渍土,低耐盐植物可以生长;冬灌盐分淋洗效果显著,冬灌后土壤盐分基本可以维持平衡;随着施肥比例的增加,枸杞的株高、茎粗、冠幅增长率及干鲜果产量先增加再降低,当施肥比例为70%时达到最大;滴灌高频施肥灌溉有利于提高枸杞的产量、灌溉水利用效率和肥料利用率,并且当施肥比例为当地枸杞施肥量的70%左右时,枸杞产量高、灌溉水利用效率高、肥料偏生产力高。For the water-fertilizer-salt regulation of Lycium chinensis agriculture production under drip irrigation in Qaidam Basin,a field experiment with five drip-fertigation proportions（the amount of drip-fertilization were 10%,30%,50%,70% and 90% of local fertilization）treatments was conducted.The soil matric potential at 20 cm depth under the emitters was controlled above-20 kPa for water-fertilizer-salt regulation.The results showed that the salinity lightly accumulated in soil profile during high-frequent irrigation stage,but the soil was suitable for low salinity tolerant plant because the soil ECe（electrical conductivity of saturated paste extracts）below 4dS/m,but the soil salinity dramatically decreased after the winter drip irrigation;with the increasing of the proportion of fertilization,the increment of Lycium chinensis plant height,stem diameter and crown diameter first increased and then decreased,and got the maximum under 70% of fertilization;the high-frequency fertigation was beneficial to improve the Lycium chinensis yield,water and fertilizer use efficiency,and which got higherst under the 70% of fertilization.

关 键 词：滴灌施肥 水盐调控 土壤基质势 灌溉水利用效率 肥料偏生产力 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]