中亚成矿域斑岩铜金成矿的地质环境问题  

Problem on porphyry Cu-Au metallogenic environment in Central Asian:An overview

作　　者：薛春纪[1] 赵晓波[1] 莫宣学[1] 

机构地区：[1]地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院,北京100083

出　　处：《岩石学报》2016年第5期1249-1261,共13页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1303292);国家科技支撑计划(2011BAB06B02);中国地质调查局工作项目(1212011220919)联合资助

摘　　要：中亚成矿域在蒙古、乌兹别克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦和哈萨克斯坦产有Oyu Tolgoi、Almalyk、Andash-Taldy Bulak、Aktogai、Kounrad等众多巨型和世界级斑岩铜金矿床,中国新疆北部斑岩铜金找矿持续重大突破令人期待。中亚成矿域大规模斑岩铜金成矿于什么地质环境?新疆北部、尤其天山斑岩铜金地质找矿持续突破的前景怎样?都是颇受关注的重大地质和找矿问题。通过广泛深入文献调研和重要矿集区实地调查研究表明,中亚构造成矿域在古亚洲洋壳俯冲增生、陆陆碰撞和后碰撞伸展等不同时期地质环境中,虽然均有斑岩铜金成矿作用发生,但古亚洲洋俯冲形成不同时期的增生岛弧是中亚斑岩铜金最为重要的成矿地质环境,大规模斑岩铜金成矿出现在洋盆演化末期、或即将关闭时的成熟岛弧环境。为什么中亚重要斑岩铜金矿床多形成于年长的成熟岛弧是值得探索的重要科学问题。新疆北部、尤其天山不同时期的岛弧发育完整,岛弧岩浆作用强烈而漫长,斑岩铜金成矿条件优越,大型-超大型铜金矿地质找矿潜力巨大,有望持续发现重要斑岩铜金矿床。The well-known Central Asian Metallogenic Domain（ CAMD） holds numerous giant and world-class porphyry Cu-Au deposits,e. g.,Oyu Tolgoi,Almalyk,Andash-Taldy Bulak,Aktogai and Kounrad that occur in Mongolia,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. The continous and great discovery of porphyry Cu-Au deposits in northern Xinjiang,China,is waiting in much hope.What＇s the geodynamic setting for porphyry Cu-Au deposit formation in CAMD？ How about the potential to find important industrial porphyry Cu-Au deposits continually in northern Xinjiang,especially in Tianshan,China？ All of these are the key geological and exploration issues that unsolved. Based on extensive investigation on previous studies,together with our own works on regional geology of the Central Asia,it is suggested that porphyry Cu-Au deposits in the CAMD have ever formed in the all settings of oceanic subduction,continent-continent collision and post-collision,however,the island-arc setting caused by subduction of the Paleo-Asian ocean undoubted represent the most important one,and large-scale porphyry deposits appear to have been formed in elder arc setting during the lasted evolution stage of the ocean. It is an important geological problem why the large-scale porphyry Cu-Au mineralizations in CAMD took place in the elder arc. The island-arc systems in norethern Xinjiang,especially in Tianshan,China,are well developed,and arc-related magmatism lasted for a relatively long time,large and super-large porphyry Cu-Au deposits are hoped to find in this region.

关 键 词：斑岩铜金成矿 成熟岛弧 成矿环境 中亚成矿域 

分 类 号：P612[天文地球—矿床学] P618.41[天文地球—地质学]