不同诱变剂对大蒜四倍体诱导的影响  

Study on Tetraploids Induction by Different Mutagens in Garlic

作　　者：孔素萍[1] 段乃彬 刘冰江[1] 高莉敏[1] 刘波[1] 徐坤[3] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所/山东省设施蔬菜生物学重点实验室,山东济南250100 [2]山东省农作物种质资源中心,山东济南250100 [3]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/农业部黄淮地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《核农学报》2016年第6期1067-1073,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业良种工程(葱姜蒜种质资源创新与利用研究);山东省农业科学院青年科研基金(2015YQN42)

摘　　要：为探讨不同诱变剂对大蒜茎尖试管苗成苗率和四倍体率的影响,采用二次饱和-D最优设计方法,以氨磺乐灵、二甲戊乐灵和秋水仙素作为诱变剂,以大蒜品种金乡紫皮茎尖为材料,采用流式细胞仪分析和根尖压片染色体计数相结合的方法进行染色体倍性鉴定。结果表明,氨磺乐灵、二甲戊乐灵对大蒜茎尖试管苗平均成苗率和四倍体率的影响均显著高于秋水仙素。分别为62.58%和20.92%、60.95%和23.20%、44.28%和12.25%,但3种诱变剂不同处理组合对大蒜茎尖成苗率影响存在显著差异,均以低浓度处理较短时间成苗率较高,而在较高浓度长时间处理下,成苗率降低。3种诱变剂诱导大蒜四倍体率的最佳处理浓度和时间也不同,且以氨磺乐灵、二甲戊乐灵诱变处理显著优于秋水仙素。经模拟运算,三者诱变大蒜茎尖的最佳处理浓度和时间分别为4.17~8.52 mg·L-1和71.14~118.03 h、4.68~8.90 mg·L-1和72.96~106.18 h、3.87~6.94 g·L^(-1)和67.92~114.43 h。本试验初步明确了3种诱变剂对大蒜茎尖试管苗四倍体的诱变效果,为进一步开展大蒜四倍体新品种选育奠定了基础。In order to explore the effect of different mutagens on the rate of plantlet regeneration and tetraploid of garlic shoot-tips, the garlic were treated with oryzalin, pendimethalin and colchicine by D-optimal design in this study. The shoot-tips of Jin Xiang Zi Pi were used as explants. The plant ploidy was identified by Flow cytometry analysis and chromosome counts of the root-tips. The results showed that the plantlet regeneration and tetraploid rates that treated by oryzalin and pendimethalin, were higher than that treated with colchicine. The plantlet regeneration and tetraploid rates were 62.58% and 20.92%, 60.95% and 23.20%, 44.28% and 12.25%, respectively. There were significant differences among the plantlet regeneration rates of garlic after different treatments. The plantlet regeneration rates of garlic shoot-tips were higher when treated with these three mutagens in lower concentration and shorter-duration. While the plantlet regeneration rates decreased when treated with these three mutagens in higher concentration and longer-duration. On the other hand, the best concentration and treatment duration of these three mutagens were varied for tetraploids induction in garlic. The mutagenic effects of oryzalin and pendimethalin were more significant than those of colchicine on garlic. By applying simulative calculation, the results showed the best concentration and treatment duration of oryzalin, pendimethalin and colchicine for mutant induction in garlic shoot-tips were 4.17-8.52 mg·L^-1 and 71.14-118.03 h, 4.68-8.90 mg·L^-1 and 72.96-106.18 h, 3.87-6.94 g·L^-1 and 67.92-114.43 h, respectively. The mutagenic effects of oryzalin, pendimethalin and colchicine on garlic were defined in this study, that laid a foundation for breeding tetraploid garlic varieties.

关 键 词：大蒜 试管苗 四倍体 氨磺乐灵 二甲戊乐灵 秋水仙素 

分 类 号：S633.4[农业科学—蔬菜学]