国家治理复杂性视野下的协商民主  

Consultative Democracy in the Light of the Complexity of National Governance

作　　者：陈炳辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学政治学系,教授厦门361005

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2016年第5期136-153,207,共18页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：在现代国家治理问题上,存在着两种极端的片面认识:一是强调社会复杂性而陷入精英治国的模式,这与民主政治是相矛盾的;二是忽略了社会复杂性对国家治理中精英、专家作用的客观要求,陷入某种民粹主义的思路,牺牲了国家治理的效能。随着现代国家治理的复杂性日益增强,西方代议制民主日益走向精英政治、官僚政治,排斥公民参与公共事务,由国家治理的复杂性引发的民主政治困境更加尖锐突出。在现代国家治理复杂性的现实境况下,协商民主理论框架是参与式民主在当代的新发展,为国家治理实践中精英治国和公民参与相结合的民主政治实践寻求有效路径。然而在实践维度中,西方协商民主的理论和实践,试图修正代议制民主排斥公民参与趋向精英政治的缺陷,弥补代议制民主性衰弱的不足,是对代议制民主的补充性制度安排,只是为克服代议制缺陷而嵌入的弥补性治理方式,并非根本性的制度设计。相比较而言,社会主义协商民主是中国社会主义民主政治的特有形式和独特优势,是中国社会主义政治制度体系的重要组成部分,具有鲜明的历史合法性,积累了丰富的实践经验,凸显了国家治理复杂性条件下中国社会主义民主的制度优势与现实生命力。Two totally opposed and equally biased views exist on the question of modern national governance.One stresses social complexity and succumbs to the meritocratic model,which conflicts with democratic politics;the other disregards the objective requirements that social complexity imposes on the role of elites and experts in national governance and becomes mired in a populist approach,sacrificing the efficiency of national governance.As national governance becomes ever more complex,and as Western representative democracy moves toward meritocratic and bureaucratic politics,shutting citizens out from participating in public affairs,democratic politics faces a predicament arising from the complexity of national governance,apredicament that is becoming increasingly intense and striking.In the present complexity of modern state governance,the theoretical framework of consultative democracy is a contemporary development in participatory democracy and an effective approach to the practice of democratic politics,one that seeks to combine meritocracy with citizen participation in the practice of national governance.In the dimension of practice,however,the theory and practice of Western consultative democracy attempts to rectify representative democracy's defects of the exclusion of citizen participation and inclination toward meritocracy and compensate for the decline of representative democracy.This attempt is a supplementary institutional arrangement for a representative system;it is merely a compensatory governance mode inserted to overcome the shortcomings of representative democracy,not a fundamental institutional design.In comparison,socialist consultative democracy is an advantageous form and peculiar to Chinese socialist democracy,and is an important part of China's socialist political system.It has clear-cut historical legitimacy and has accumulated abundant practical experience,highlighting the institutional advantages and practical vitality of Chinese socialist democracy under the condition of the complexity of st

关 键 词：国家治理 协商民主 代议制民主 社会主义民主政治 精英治国 公民参与 

分 类 号：D621.5[政治法律—政治学]