持续施用缓/控释尿素条件下水田土壤NH_3挥发与N_2O排放特征  

Characteristics of ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission from a paddy soil under continuous application of different slow / controlled release urea

作　　者：孙祥鑫[1,2,3] 李东坡[1] 武志杰[1] 崔亚兰[1,2] 韩梅[1,2] 李永华 杨德福 崔永坤 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院沈阳生态实验站,沈阳110016 [4]锦西天然气化工有限责任公司,辽宁葫芦岛125001

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2016年第6期1901-1909,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD11B04,2012BAD05B01,2012BAD14B02);国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2009BAD3B07);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-YW-N-078)资助~~

摘　　要：以持续9年施用不同缓/控释尿素的水田棕壤为试验对象,以普通大颗粒尿素为对照,研究了持续施用不同缓/控释尿素条件下水田土壤NH_3挥发与N_2O排放特征.结果表明:与普通大颗粒尿素(U)相比,除1%3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)+U处理NH_3挥发增加了25.8%外,其他缓/控释尿素肥料处理对NH_3有明显的减排效果.树脂包膜尿素(PCU)对NH_3减排效果最明显,为73.4%,硫包膜尿素(SCU)为72.2%,0.5%N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)+1%DMPP+U为71.9%,1%氢醌(HQ)+3%双氰胺(DCD)+U为46.9%,0.5%NBPT+U为43.2%,1%HQ+U为40.2%,3%DCD+U为25.5%,1%DMPP均与施用普通大颗粒尿素差异显著;所有缓/控释尿素处理与对照相比均可显著减少N_2O排放.1%DMPP+U对N_2O减排效果最明显,为74.9%,PCU为62.1%,1%HQ+3%DCD+U为54.7%,0.5%NBPT+1%DMPP+U为42.2%,3%DCD+U为35.9%,1%HQ+U为28.9%,0.5%NBPT+U为17.7%,SCU为14.5%,均与施用普通大颗粒尿素差异显著.比较0.5%NBPT+1%DMPP+U、SCU、PCU对NH_3和N_2O减排的综合效果,3种肥料作用相近,且均明显优于其他处理,但包膜材料的成本较抑制剂高数倍.因此,同时添加脲酶和硝化抑制剂的缓释尿素是减少水田氮素损失及环境污染的首选氮肥.The characteristics of ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission from a paddy soil were examined under 9-year application of different slow / controlled release urea with the common large granule urea（ U） as the control. The results showed that compared with the control,all slow /controlled release urea treatments,except 25.8% increase of ammonia volatilization under 1% 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate（ DMPP） ＋U,could decrease the ammonia volatilization. Polymer coated urea（ PCU） dominated the highest reduction of 73.4% compared to U,followed by sulfur coated urea（ SCU）（ 72.2%）,0. 5% N-（ N-butyl） thiophosphoric triamide（ NBPT） ＋ 1% DMPP ＋ U（ 71.9%）,1% hydroquinone（ HQ） ＋3% dicyandiamide（ DCD） ＋U（ 46.9%）,0.5% NBPT＋U（ 43.2%）,1% HQ ＋U（ 40.2%）,3% DCD＋U（ 25.5%）,and the ammonia volatilization under different slow / controlled release urea treatments were statistically lower than that of U（ P 0. 05）.1% DMPP ＋U caused the lowest emission of N_2 O under different slow / controlled release urea treat-ments. The slow / controlled release urea also had a significant potential of N_2 O emission reduction：1% DMPP ＋U showed the highest reduction of 74.9% compared to U,followed by PCU（ 62.1%）,1% HQ＋3% DCD＋U（ 54.7%）,0.5% NBPT＋ 1% DMPP ＋U（ 42.2%）,3% DCD ＋U（ 35.9%）,1% HQ ＋U（ 28.9%）,0.5% NBPT＋U（ 17.7%）,SCU（ 14.5%）,and N_2 O emissions under different slow / controlled release urea treatments were statistically lower than that of U（ P0.05）. The comprehensive analysis showed that 0.5% NBPT＋1% DMPP ＋U,SCU and PCU had similar effects on decreasing the ammonia volatilization and N_2 O emission and were remarkably better than the other treatments. The slow release urea with the combination of urease and nitrification inhibitors should be the first choice for reducing N loss and environmental pollution in paddy field,in view of the higher costs of coated urea fertilizers.

关 键 词：缓/控尿素 持续施肥 水田 氨挥发 氧化亚氮排放 

分 类 号：S145.6[农业科学—肥料学]