典型滩涂围垦区土壤化学性质的短期变化特征  

Short-term Variation of Soil Chemical Properties after Tidal Flat Reclamation in a Typical Coastal Area

作　　者：张徐[1] 张明[2] 吴鹏豹[1] 杨晓辉[1] 张欢[1] 高超[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,江苏南京210046 [2]中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心,江苏南京210016

出　　处：《土壤通报》2016年第2期346-352,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查专项项目(1212011220053)资助

摘　　要：滩涂围垦后土壤化学性质发生快速的变化,揭示其演变规律可以为土壤资源的可持续利用提供科学依据。以浙江省慈溪市东部滩涂围垦区为研究对象,用网格法采集滩涂沉积物和围垦区土壤样品,研究不同围垦年限和不同土地利用方式下土壤主要化学性质的变化特征。结果表明,围垦后土壤盐分含量经过急剧和缓慢降低两个阶段后,40年后趋于稳定。土壤p H在不断降低之后,和盐分含量水平一样,已适合多数作物的种植。有机质、全氮和全磷等养分相关指标在围垦后保持上升趋势。有机质含量在围垦30年后增速趋缓,目前仍处于较缺乏水平。土壤全氮保持持续增加趋势,但仍处于氮素缺乏状态,需要适当加大投入。土壤磷素供应能力已基本满足作物生长需求,未来只需在作物生长季节少量施用磷肥,保持磷素的输入/输出平衡。围垦初期,土地利用方式对土壤质量指标的影响明显,水田的脱盐效果最好,旱地土壤的肥力最高。而围垦超过40年的垦区内,不同土地利用方式间的土壤质量指标差异较小,各种农业种植方式都有利于围垦土壤的熟化。Soil chemical properties changed rapidly after tidal flat reclamation and the change was essential for soil sustainable use of reclaimed land. In this paper, sediment and soil samples were collected by using the grid method in a typical reclamation area of Cixi City in Zhejiang Province, Eastern China, in order to study the variation characteristics of soil chemical properties after different reclamation time under different land use patterns. The results showed that soil salt content of reached a relative stable level when the reclamation time was up to 40 years. The soil p H also reached a suitable value for the cultivation of the most crops. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus maintained upward trends after reclamation. The organic matter content still increased at a lower speed after 30 years reclamation, but the level of organic matter was still low for crop growth. Soil total nitrogen sustained an increasing trend, but the nitrogen level wasn＇t high enough for crop production. The supply of soil phosphorus could meet the needs of the crop growth basically. Our study also showed that in the early period of reclamation, land use had significant effect on soil chemical properties. Rice farming had a better effect on soil desalination, while upland plantation with cash crops was in favor of soil fertility improvement. With the extension of reclamation years, the effect of land use on soil chemical properties weakened.

关 键 词：滩涂围垦 土壤质量 围垦年限 土地利用 慈溪市 

分 类 号：S151.3[农业科学—土壤学]