耕作方式对夏大豆产量形成及经济效益的影响  

Effect of Tillage Methods on Yield Formation and Economic Benefits of Summer Soybean

作　　者：苏丽丽[1] 唐江华[1] 徐文修[1] 郝维维[1] 张娜[1] 李亚杰[1] 王娜 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]伊宁县农业技术推广中心,新疆伊宁835100

出　　处：《土壤通报》2016年第2期437-442,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31560372);新疆农业大学研究生科研创新项目资助(XJAUGRI2015020);新疆农业大学产学研联合培养研究生项目(xjaucxy-yis-20131013)资助

摘　　要：为探讨不同耕作方式对夏大豆产量形成及经济效益的影响,于2013年、2014年连续两年进行了复播大豆翻耕覆膜(TP)、翻耕(T)、旋耕(RT)和免耕(NT)_4种不同耕作方式的田间试验。结果表明:不同耕作方式对复播大豆测定期间的植株性状、单株绿叶面积、净光合势(LAD)、光合特性、产量和经济效益均有显著影响,且两年各处理的各项指标基本表现为TP>T>RT>NT。其中,TP处理的株高、茎粗、最大单株绿叶面积两年平均值均显著高于NT处理的平均值,分别高出19.87%、36.36%和34.83%;开花期-鼓粒期的光合特性表现为:TP使大豆叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率增加,而胞间CO_2浓度降低;各处理两年的LAD均表现为随着生育进程的推进呈先增后降的变化趋势,并于结荚期-鼓粒期内达到最大值。产量也以TP处理的最高,两年平均达到2082.69 kg hm^(-2),分别比T、RT、NT处理高出11.32%、24.84%、23.99%,并均达显著差异水平。两年平均经济效益以TP处理的纯收益最高,达1448.74元hm^(-2),较最低的免耕处理高出164.10%。To explore the effect of different tillage methods on yield and economic benefit of summer soybean, field experiments were conducted with four different tillage methods, plowing tillage and film（TP）, plowing tillage（T）, rotary tillage（RT） and no-tillage（NT） in 2013 and 2014. The results showed that the different tillage methods had significant effects on plant traits, leaf area, net photosynthetic potential（LAD）, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and economic benefits of summer soybean, and the effect was in the order： TP 〉T 〉RT 〉NT in the two years. The averages in plant height, stem diameter and maximum green leaf area were significantly higher 19.87%, 36.36% and 34.83%,respectively, in the TP than in the NT treatment. TP increased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of soybean leaves, but decreased the intercellular CO_2 concentration. The LAD increased initially and then decreased with the growth stage and reached the maximum at the podding-seed filling period in the two years.The output was also the highest in TP treatment with the mean value of 2082.69 kg hm^-2 and it was significantly11.32%, 24.84%, 23.99% higher, respectively, in TP treatment than in T, RT and NT treatments. The net income was164.10% higher in the TP treatment than in the No-tillage.

关 键 词：耕作方式 夏大豆 光合特性 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S344.3[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]