丹江口库区典型小流域农业非点源污染物输出特征  

Output Feature of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollutants in the Typical Small Watershed of Danjiangkou Reservoir Area

作　　者：汉强 于兴修[1] 王伟[1] 刘航[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北大学资源环境学院,区域开发与环境响应湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《土壤通报》2016年第2期456-460,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(41471227);湖北大学研究生社会实践项目(2015028)资助

摘　　要：非点源污染是影响水源地水质的重要原因。研究以丹江口库区五龙池小流域为研究区,基于2014年相关数据,利用输出系数模型,借助地理信息技术,对该小流域农业非点源污染进行模拟,分析流域非点源污染的空间分布特征,解析其主要污染源,以深入理解丹江口水源地农业小流域的非点源输出特征。研究表明,2014年流域内农业非点源总氮污染负荷为5.674 t,流域内平均负荷强度为2.96 t km-2;农业非点源总氮负荷总量主要分布在耕地和居民地,农业用地是主要污染源,贡献率为47.9;人畜粪便农业非点源总氮负荷强度为39.2 t km-2,是流域平均负荷强度的13倍;缓坡区具有较高的非点源输出风险;改变粗放的农业管理模式,合理处理畜禽排泄物和农村生活污水是流域非点源治理的有效措施。Non- point sourc e（NPS） pollution is one of the most important factors that affect water quality of Danjiangkou reservoir. In order to provide management method and control of NPS pollution, spatial distribution characteristics of NPS pollution were analyzed, and the primary pollution sources were also identified by using the export coefficient model（ECM） and geographic information system（GIS） in Danjiangkou reservoir area. Total nitrogen（TN） load from agricultural NPS was 5.674 t and the average loading intensity was 2.96 t km^-2 in 2014. TN load from agricultural NPS mainly distributed over cultivated land and residential land. The pollution source was mainly from the agricultural land use with the contribution rate of 47.9%. The TN load intensity of agricultural NPS from human and animal excreta was 39.2 t km^-2, which was 13- fold of the average load intensity. Gentle slope area had high export risk of NPS. The results indicated that the change of extensive agricultural management and the reasonable disposing of rural domestic sewage and livestock excreta were the effective measures to control NPS pollution.

关 键 词：五龙池小流域 农业非点源 总氮 输出系数模型 空间分布 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]