瑞典信息公开原则的诞生与演进  

The Birth and Evolution of the Principle of Public Access in Sweden

作　　者：毕洪海[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2016年第3期94-112,共19页Global Law Review

摘　　要：瑞典的信息公开原则诞生于"自由年代",针对的是"自由年代"的秘密议会政治。该原则在250年前的诞生一方面要归因于竞争性政治的发展,另一方面则归因于启蒙运动时代的出版与言论自由的思想。瑞典立法的支持者还转介了中国的经验,不过存在着相当程度的误读。瑞典的信息公开原则自始就与出版自由结合在一起,二者共同构成了瑞典社会"公共领域"的基础规范框架。信息公开原则的巩固和演进也与"公共领域"的发展和壮大息息相关,这种关联性也有助于理解瑞典信息公开立法采取最大化模式的原因,即不仅强调信息公开对于权力的监督作用,还强调信息公开是有效民主的重要保障。这两个方面的要求在瑞典的信息公开制度中得到了充分的体现。The principle of public access in Sweden was established during the Age of Liberty and was targeted at the secret parliamentary politics at that time. The birth of the princi- ple 250 years ago could be ascribed to the competitive politics of the Age of Liberty and the En- lightenment thoughts of freedom of the press and the freedom of expression. During the debate, experiences from China were also introduced into Sweden, though to a large extent the advocates misunderstood those stories from the remote Utopia. Combined with the freedom of the press from the very beginning, the principle of public access established the normative framework of the public sphere, and its consolidation and development was closely related to the development and growth of the freedom of the public sphere. This connection is also conducive to the under- standing of the reason why Sweden adopts the maximalist model of public access, which not only emphasizes the oversight of public power, but also takes the principle of public access as an im- portant guarantee of effective democracy. Both aspects could find their expressions in Swedish legislation.

关 键 词：信息公开原则 出版自由 公共领域 自由年代 最大化模式 

分 类 号：D953.2[政治法律—法学] DD912.1