通过滴灌施用除草剂的烟田试验  

Experiments on herbicide application via drip irrigation in tobacco fields

作　　者：程功[1] 魏义长[2] 张立顶[1] 李剑秋[1] 王维超[1] 孙永军[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省烟草公司许昌市分公司,河南省许昌市湖滨路43号461000 [2]华北水利水电大学资源与环境学院,郑州市北环路36号450045

出　　处：《烟草科技》2016年第5期30-37,共8页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：河南省烟草公司科技计划项目"烟草精准灌溉施肥远程实时监控与虚拟仿真技术"(XYKJ2015M06);河南省重点科技攻关项目"基于土壤水时空分布的精准灌溉ET调控指标体系"(152102110096)

摘　　要：为了探讨烟田除草剂敌草胺的精准快捷施用方法,以河南省襄城县烟田为研究对象进行了通过滴灌施用敌草胺的田间试验,并测定了敌草胺在土壤和烟叶中的残留量。结果表明,敌草胺随滴灌施用在防治杂草、提高总产量和上等烟产量、降低土壤和烟叶残留方面均优于机械喷雾敌草胺的效果,其中杂草防治效果提高1%以上,但二者没有达到显著水平（P=0.136 0）;总产量平均提高109.13 kg·hm^-2,上等烟产量平均提高56.16 kg·hm^-2,总产量上的差异没有达到显著水平（P=0.088 9）,但在上等烟产量上的差异达到了显著水平（P=0.000 1）;土壤和烟叶中的残留量均达到极显著水平（P土壤=0.003 0,P烟叶=0.008 0）。因此,在适宜于滴灌的烟田,敌草胺采用随滴灌施用是可行的。综合考虑杂草防除效果、烟叶产量和品质、土壤和烟叶残留量,敌草胺随滴灌施用量以2.25~3.00 kg·hm^-2为宜。To establish an accurate and efficient method for applying napropamide in tobacco field, field drip irrigation experiments were conducted in tobacco fields of Xiangcheng County in Henan Province. Residue levels of napropamide in soil and tobacco leaves were determined. The results showed that comparing with mechanical spray, drip irrigation of the herbicide was superior in terms of weed controlling, total tobacco leaf yield and yield of high grade leaves. The napropamide residue levels in soil and leaves were also reduced. The effect of weed control was improved by more than 1%（P=0.136 0）; the total yield and the yield of high grade leaves was increased by 109.13 kg·ha^-1（P=0.088 9） and 56.16 kg·ha^-1（P=0.000 1）, respectively. The differences of napropamide residues in soil and tobacco leaves between the two application methods reached significant levels（Psoil=0.003 0, Ptobacco leaf=0.008 0）. Therefore, napropamide application via drip irrigation is desirable in tobacco fields where drip irrigation is suitable. Taking weed control effect, the yield and quality of tobacco leaves and the napropamide residues in soil and leaves into account, the appropriate application rate of napropamide was2.25-3.00 kg·ha^-1.

关 键 词：烟田 杂草 除草剂 敌草胺 滴灌 机械喷雾 

分 类 号：S482.4[农业科学—农药学]