多雨寡照年份适宜麦棉套作的棉花品种筛选  

Selection of Cotton Variety Suitable for Cotton-wheat Intercropping in Rainy and Poor Sunshine Years

作　　者：王树林[1] 刘文艺 祁虹[1] 王燕[1] 张谦[1] 冯国艺[1] 林永增[1] 梁青龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院棉花研究所,农业部黄淮海半干旱区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,河北石家庄050051 [2]曲周县农牧局,河北邯郸057250

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2016年第2期63-66,83,共5页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：科技部支撑计划“渤海粮仓科技示范工程”(2013BAD05B00);国家棉花产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-18-21)

摘　　要：河北省2013年为典型的多雨寡照年份,5~10月的逐月日照时数均低于历年平均,尤其是7~9月的日照时数仅分别为历年平均的69.3%、71.1%和56.2%。2013年在麦棉套作模式下,以10个棉花品种(系)为试材,对棉花株高、果枝性状、"三桃"比例、产量及产量构成因子、纤维品质进行分析,以筛选适宜多雨寡照年份种植的棉花品种(系)。结果表明:麦棉套作模式下,尤其是多雨寡照年份,棉花营养生长集中在6月下旬~7月中上旬,目前生产上的主推棉花品种在多雨寡照年份均存在晚熟的问题,成铃主体为秋桃,霜前花率过低,不适宜在麦棉套作模式中应用。夏播品种中棉所50生育期短,伏桃比例较高,霜前花率达到83.4%,子棉产量3 814.1 kg/hm^2,显著高于其他品种,且纤维品质较好,较好地适应了多雨寡照年份的气候特点,适宜麦棉套作种植。2013 is a typical rainy and poor sunshine year,the monthly sunshine hours from May to October were all lower than the average,which from July to September was only 69.3%,71.1% and 56.2% of average,respectively. In cotton-wheat system 10 cotton varieties（lines） were planted to select the most suitable varities for cotton-wheat system in rainy and poor sunshine years through investigating cotton growing traits in 2013. The results showed that in cotton-wheat system the vegetative growth of cotton was mainly from late June to middle July especially in rainy and poor sunshine years. And with the increase of the cotton growth period the peak of vegetative growth delayed, the ratio of the autumn bolls increased,and the ratio of pre-frost yield decreased. In all the varieties seed cotton yield of Zhongmiansuo 50 with shorter growth period,higher rate of summer bolls and better fiber quality,seed yield reached 3 814.1 kg/hm-2,higher than that of other varieties（lines） significantly, and the rate of pre-frost yield reached 83.4%,which was the most suitable variety for cotton-wheat system in rainy and poor sunshine years.

关 键 词：多雨寡照 麦棉套作 棉花 品种筛选 

分 类 号：S562.08[农业科学—作物学]