酸化尾矿对4种豆科植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of Acidic Copper Mine Tailings on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Four Leguminous Plants

作　　者：沈章军[1] 鲁红侠[1] 张震[2] 胡功秀 

机构地区：[1]合肥师范学院生命科学学院,安徽合肥230601 [2]安徽农业大学资源与环境工程学院,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2016年第5期1091-1096,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171418);安徽省高校自然科学基金项目(KJ2013B214);合肥师范学院科研机构专项基金项目(2015JG11);安徽省高校优秀青年人才支持计划重点项目(gxyq ZD2016236)

摘　　要：以铜尾矿、酸化铜尾矿和表面覆土酸化尾矿为基质,以正常土壤为对照,进行绿豆、田菁、洋槐和紫穗槐4种植物的盆栽实验,对种子的萌发及幼苗生长情况进行了研究。结果表明:绿豆、田菁、刺槐和紫穗槐在表面覆土酸化尾矿中的萌发率分别约为对照组的31.3%、51.7%、81.2%和87.2%,酸化铜尾矿中几乎没有种子正常萌发;但覆土酸化尾矿组中田菁、刺槐和紫穗槐种子的最终萌发天数明显小于对照组和尾矿组。4种植物幼苗的营养器官均受到铜尾矿和酸化尾矿不同程度的伤害,其中根受到的毒害最为严重。4种植物在铜尾矿组和覆土酸化尾矿组的叶绿素a、b含量和叶绿素总量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),刺槐的叶绿素含量在铜尾矿组和覆土酸化尾矿组间差异显著(P<0.05),表明重金属抑制了植物叶绿素的形成,酸性基质更不利于刺槐叶绿素的形成。铜尾矿和覆土酸化尾矿中4种植物PSⅡ的Fv/Fm和q P值均较对照显著下降,植物利用光能的效率降低;PSⅡ的Fo和q N值较对照组增加,表明PSⅡ反应中心遭到破坏。In this paper,using copper mine tailings（CMT）,acidic copper mine tailings（AMT）,normal soil ＋ acidic copper mine tailings（NAMT） and campus soil（the control） as matrix respectively,the experiments of potted Vigna radiate,Sesbania cannabina,Robinia pseudoacacia,Amorpha fruticosa were conducted,and the effects of different matrixes on the plant germination and seedling growth were studied.The results showed that the germination rates of four plants in NAMT were 31. 3 %,51. 7 %,81. 2 % and 87. 2 % of the control,respectively,and there was almost no normal seed germination in AMT; But the final germination days of Sesbania cannabina,Robinia pseudoacacia,Amorpha fruticosa in NAMT were shorter than that in CMT and the control. The vegetative organs were differently damaged in CMT and NAMT,especially the roots were poisoned severely. The contents of chlorophyll a,b and chlorophyll a ＋ b in CMT and NAMT were significant lower than that in the control（P 0. 05）,and the chlorophyll contents between CMT and NAMT had a significant difference（P 0. 05）,which indicated that heavy metals restrained the chlorophylls forming,and the acidification enhanced this action in the tailings. The Fv/ Fmand q P values of the PSⅡof the four plants in CMT and NAMT were decreased significantly than that of control,which showed that the light energy used efficiency were reduced in the plants; The Foand q N values of the PSⅡof the plants in CMT and NAMT increased than the control,which indicated that the PSⅡ reaction centers of plants were destroyed.

关 键 词：铜尾矿 豆科植物 发芽率 叶绿素含量 叶绿素荧光系数 

分 类 号：S565.9[农业科学—作物学]