哈氏肿腿蜂对中华蜜蜂的寄生研究  

Parasitism on Apis cerana cerana by Sclerodermus harmandi

作　　者：谢燕梅[1] 刘仪君 张勃龙 杨松[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学林学院/云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2016年第5期1235-1237,共3页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31160164);云南省教育厅重点项目(2010Z043);云南省中青年学术技术带头人后备人才项目(2014HB020)

摘　　要：哈氏肿腿蜂（Sclerodermus harmandi）对中华蜜蜂（Apis cerana cerana）雄蜂蛹的寄生研究。结果表明：哈氏肿腿蜂能攻击寄生中华蜜蜂雄蜂蛹,寄生率随哈氏肿腿蜂接蜂量的增加而增加;当蜂蛹：肿腿蜂为1∶4时,寄生率最高,可达76.19%;哈氏肿腿蜂寄生中华蜜蜂蛹后,能完成生长发育,出蜂率以及平均子代数（幼虫、蛹、成虫）均随哈氏肿腿蜂的接蜂量变化而变化,当蜂蛹∶肿腿蜂为1∶4时,出蜂率为76.19%,平均每个蜂蛹可产生幼虫、蛹及成虫数量分别为7.43、6.57和4.81头,均显著高于其它接蜂比例。接入哈氏肿腿蜂6~8 d,其开始在中华蜜蜂雄蜂蛹上产卵,卵期2~3 d;幼虫取食6~9 d后开始结茧化蛹,蛹（茧）期15~20d;哈氏肿腿蜂在蜜蜂蛹上发育时间（卵-成虫羽化）30 d左右。与幼虫数量相比,哈氏肿腿蜂在蜂蛹上的结茧、羽化比例逐渐下降。本研究丰富了哈氏肿腿蜂的非自然寄主种类,并表明有必要研究与明确该蜂的寄主范围。The parasitism on Chinese bee Apis cerana cerana by Sclerodermus harmandi was examined in this paper. It showed that S. harmandi could attack and parasitize pupae of male Chinese bees. The parasitism rate by S. harmandi increased with the increasing number of parasitoid introduced. When the host to parasitoid ratio was 1∶ 4,the highest parasitism rate of 76. 19 % was observed. Moreover,S. harmandi could successfully develop to adult after parasitizing pupae of male Chinese bees. Emergence rate and average numbers of progenies（larvae,pupae and progeny adults） on the bee pupae changed as the host to parasitoid ratios. The highest emergence rate reached 76. 19 %at the host to parasitoid ratio of 1∶ 4,and meanwhile the average numbers of different stages of parasitoid（7. 43 larvae,6. 57 pupae and 4.81 adults per bee pupa） were significantly higher at this ratio than those at other host to parasitoid ratios. After 6-8 d of exposure,S. harmandi laid eggs on bee pupae and larvae hatched 2-3 d later. The larval and pupal stages developed 6-9 and 15-20 d,respectively. S.harmandi developed one generation on pupa of male Chinese bees for about 30 d. Compared with numbers of larvae,the developmental rate of both pupae and adults of S. harmandi decreased. This study revealed one more non-natural host for S. harmandi,and suggested it be necessary to examine the parasitism by S. harmandi on other insects.

关 键 词：哈氏肿腿蜂 中华蜜蜂 寄生 替代寄主 

分 类 号：S851.347.32[农业科学—预防兽医学]